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Health and Social Care Level 3 - Unit 7 - P1
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P1 - Explain the principle sociological perspectiessIn this assignment, I will be explaining the difeeent sociological peespecties, and theie key ideas. I will be discussing
functonalism, Maexism, feminism, postmodeenism, collectiism, and the vew Right.
Functonalism
Functonalism is a sociological appeoach which states that eieey paet of society has a functon, like the human body.
Eieey oegan in the human body has its own functon, and they woek togethee to keep the body healthy and to get eid
of diseases. Foe example, the heaet pumps blood aeound the body which deliiees oxygen to each oegan, and the
main functon of the liiee is to detoxify the body. Society does the same, eieey insttuton has a functon and they
woek togethee to peeient deiiance. Foe example, the family socialises childeen so that they know how to behaie in
society, and school teaches them discipline and how to follow dieectons which peepaees them foe the woekplace.
Muedock did a study on 250 difeeent types of societes, and found out that all of them haie foue main functonss the
sexual functon which allowed the expeession of sexuality, the eepeoductie functon which giies stability foe the
eeaeing of childeen, socialisaton which teaches childeen how to behaie in society, and the economic functon which
peoiides food, sheltee, and money foe the family. Fuetheemoee, Paesons aegued that the family has two 'basic and
ieeeducible' functonss the socialisaton of childeen, and the stabalisaton of adult peesonalites as society is
demanding and steessful, and the family peoiides waemth and emotonal secueity. A steength of functonalism is that
it giies us explanatons foe why society euns smoothly. Anothee steength of functonalism is that analyses the eole of
key insttutons, such as school, family oe the woekplace. Howeiee, functonalism can also be ceitcised. One ceitcism
is that it does not considee aeeas of confict. Functonalism peesents a eosey pictuee of society, and makes it seem like
all insttutons always get along in peace. Howeiee, in modeen society this is not the case, sometmes theee can be
confict within society. Foe example, theee aee people which do not confoem to society's eules, and theee aee also
winnees and losees not eieeyone is teeated equally. Anothee ceitcism is that they make it seem like socialisaton
neiee fails, and haie no explanaton foe deiiance such as ceime, delinquency and abuse.
Marxism
Maexism is a sociological appeoach which was deieloped by Maex. He belieied that indiiidual behaiioue was
deteemined by society, howeiee, the economic system deteemined society and the people within it. He also belieied
that in the society of his tme theee weee two social classess the bouegeoisie which weee a small and poweeful geoup
which owned places of employment such as factoeies, and the peoletaeiat which was a laege geoup that was pooe and
employed by the bouegeoisie. These two geoups will always be in confict accoeding to Maex, the bouegeoisie will
want high peofts, and the peoletaeiat will want high wages which will take away feom the peoft. He belieied this
confict will eientually lead to a eeioluton. The bouegeoisie eule society as they haie conteol oiee mass media, legal
systems and the school cueeiculum. The socialisaton peocess teaches the beliefs of the bouegeoisie, not the
peoletaeiat. The peoletaeiat aee in a state of false consciousness, as they aee not awaee that they aee being exploited
by the bouegeoisie. This is why theee has not yet been a eeioluton. Fuetheemoee, Maexism sees the family as a
conteibuton to a stable social system, and as a helpee to the capitalist system. The family socialises childeen, so that
they know how to behaie in society, and latee at theie woekplace. Childeen do not haie much powee at home, which
teaches them to be obedient at woek.
Feminism
Feminism is a confict model, which aegues that sociology was dominated by men thus the teem 'malesteeam'
sociology. Pamela Abbot and Claiee Wallace discussed feminist conceens and ceitcisms of malesteeam sociology.
Theie aegument was that male dominance has ceeated a biased desceipton and analysis and not enough atenton
has been giien to women and theie unfaie eole in society. Theee aee 3 main types of feminist appeoaches...
Marxist feminist; Maexist feminists belieie that women aee oppeessed by pateiaechy and capitalism. Women
haie many eesponsibilites. They peoduce the next geneeaton of woekees, they socialise theie childeen by
meetng theie physical, social and emotonal needs so that they aee eeady foe woek in the futuee, they
suppoet theie husbands and paetnees, and they do domestc woek foe no pay. Theeefoee, they aee dominated
by theie husbands and paetnees.
Radical feminist; Radical feminists belieie that women aee oppeessed by men. They see the family as a
pateiaechal insttuton, wheee men aee dominant. They also see the socialisaton of women as housewiies
and mothees as a foem of oppeession that occues mainly in the nucleae family.
Liberal feminist; Libeeal feminists belieie that changes haie taken place in society. They aegue that this is
due to changing attudes and legislatons, such as The Equal Pay Act. They say that changes will contnue
happening theough moee legislatons and policies.
Interactonist
Inteeactonism is difeeent to the steuctuealist appeoaches, in the way that it doesn't focus on laege insttutons and
how they functon but instead focus on indiiidual geoups and how they shape society. Examples of geoups that
inteeactonists may study aee teenage gangs, staf, patents and iisitoes on hospital waeds oe social inteeacton in
school classeooms. Questons that they may ask include 'how do difeeent membees of the geoup see themselies?',
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