This document consists of IEB (Physical Sciences Paper 1) definitions, symbols and units. The content of this paper comes directly from the SAGS document making it a great study source. It is concise and straight to the point for easy learning and great results.
This document consists of IEB (Physical Sciences Paper 1) definitions, symbols and units.
The content of this paper comes directly from the SAGS document but is condensed for
study purposes.
Vectors
Vector A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
Scalar A physical quantity that has magnitude only.
Rv N Resultant The single vector which has the same effect as the original
vector vectors acting together.
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
d m Distance The length of path travelled.
△x m Displacement The change in position.
s m/s Speed The rate of change of distance.
v m/s Velocity The rate of change of displacement.
a m/s/s Acceleration The rate of change of velocity.
Different kinds of forces: weight, normal force, frictional force, applied force, tension
Fg N Weight The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near
its surface.
Fn N Normal force The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in
contact with it.
Ff N Frictional force The force that opposes the motion of an object and acts parallel
to the surface with which the object is in contact.
Newton’s First, Second and Third Laws
Newton’s first law An object will continue in a state of rest or uniform velocity in a straight
line unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force.
Inertia The property of an object to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform
motion.
Newton’s second law When a net force is applied to an object of mass, it accelerates in the
direction of the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the
net force and inversely proportional to the mass.
Newton’s third law When object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts
an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A.
Momentum
p kg.m/s Momentum The product of the mass and velocity of the object.
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