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Natuurwetenskappe - Kwartaal 1 TOETS -Studie Notas Kortvrae Fotosintese en respirasie Ekostelsels
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1SOCIAL
SCIENCES:
GEOGRAPHY
GRADE 8
TASK 1: TERM 1 TEST
1. MAPS AND ATLASES
Lines of longitude and latitude
• Exactly halfway between the North and South Pole lies the EQUATOR.
• The equator is called the 0° latitude line and runs from east to west.
• Parallel to the 0° latitude line there is another 90°N and 90°S latitude line at the
two Poles.
• Grid reference: Imaginary lines of latitude and longitude that form a grid across
the Earth.
The equator divides the globe into two halves. The "upper" half is called the NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE and the "lower" half is called the SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. There are also
imaginary lines running from north to south. They are called the meridians. The longitude
that lies at 0° is called the GREENWICH longitude. This again divides the earth into a
WESTERN HEMISPHERE and EASTERN HEMISPHERE. East of the Greenwich longitude there
are 180 longitudes and west of the Greenwich longitude there are also 180 longitudes.
Coordinates are the degrees and direction used to determine the exact location of
something on a map.
, 2
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
WESTERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
GREENWICH longitude
0° longitude
EQUATOR
0° latitude
HEMISPHERE
SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE
SOUTHERN
WESTERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE
All these lines of longitude and latitude form crossing points on the earth with which a
place's exact location can be indicated.
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE
WESTERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE
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