Biology digital notes for highschool students. Easy to read and understand illustrative notes. Detailed explanation of every topic. Reading of this document is tough for understanding the important concepts of the topic
,Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific
basis for classification of organisms.
He classified plants into trees, shrubs & herbs and
animals into 2 groups, those which had red blood and
those that did not.
Aristotle
It is proposed by Linnaeus (1758).
This system classifies organisms into Two
Kingdoms- Plantae & Animalia.
Carl Linnaeus
, Prokaryotes, {Bacteria & Cyanobacteria}, & eukaryotes {fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms
& angiosperms} were included under “plants”. It is based on the presence of cell wall, but
prokaryotes & eukaryotes are widely different in other features
It included unicellular & multicellular organisms in the same group
Example: Chlamydomonas & spirogyra were placed under algae
It did not differentiate between heterotrophic Fungai & autotrophic green plants. Fungi have
chitinous cell wall while the green plants have cellulosic cell wall
It is proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969).
It includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.
This classification is based on cell structure, thallus
organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction & phylogenetic
relationships.
R.H. Whittaker
Characters Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Non-cellular Present
Present
Cell wall (polysaccharide + Present in some (without Absent
(cellulose)
amino acid) cellulose)
Nuclear
Absent Present Present Present Present
membrane
Body Multicellular, Tissue/organ/
Cellular Cellular Tissue/organ
organization loose tissue organ system
Autotrophic
(photosynthetic & Autotrophic
Heterotrophic Heterotrophic
Mode of chemosynthetic) (photosynthetic) Autotrophic
(saprophytic (holozoic,
nutrition and heterotrophic and (photosynthetic)
or parasitic) saprophytic etc)
(saprophyte/ heterotrophic
parasite)
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