Biology digital notes for highschool students. Easy to read and understand illustrative notes. Detailed explanation of every topic. Reading of this document is tough for understanding the important concepts of the topic
Plant growth and development
Growth
Irreversible permanent process Synthesis of new material
Size, volume, weight increase I
Degree of metabolism is high Intracellular Extracellular
Anabolism > catabolism
Real growth:
Protoplasmic growth ( not easy to measure) :...
/ -
:...
Growth → measurable
Increase in cell size
Watermelon → cell size can increase 3.5 lac times
Increase in fresh wight & dry weight
Increase in length (Axonometer)
Growth of pollen tube
Increase in surface area
Surface area of leaves
Increase in volume
Increase in cell number
Maize → root apical meristem adds 17500 cells per hour
Auxatic growth
Cell number does not increase
Cell surface area & volume increases
,Growth in plants
Indeterminate/unlimited growth:
Grows throughout life span
Meristem
7 I
Primary Secondary
Dicot only Vascular cambium
Monocot & dicot
Length inc. Width inc. Cork cambium
Eg. RAM & SAM secondary
Primary growth growth
Open growth
New cells are always added Animal growth is
completely opposite
Localised / non uniform growth
Restricted to certain areas.
Number of organs increase
Phases of growth in plants
Meristematic / phase of cell division
Location: meristem → root apex & shoot apex
Dense cytoplasm/protoplasm
Big central nucleus & vacuoles absent or tiny
High respiration rate
Cell wall → primary wall
Cell → small
, Elongation / enlargement phase
After meristematic phase
No division
Vacuolation → size & no. increases
New cell wall deposition → secondary wall
Cell size increases
Maturation/differentiation phase
Structural Physiological
Cell size max Particular function
Max no. of vacuoles Eg. Root hair cells
Secondary wall present Mesophyll : photosynthesis
Note: cell loses its protoplasm during differentiation and become dead.
They provide mechanical support. Ch
* Lignin
visual representation:
Growth
plasma membrane PM + Protoplasm ....
I
T
... protoplasm Protoplast Phase I ...
=
-
↑
.... I
Cell division
cell wall -
:
- T
...
&
↑
Phase III
:...I
Phase
#I
mature
differentiate elongation size
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