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Samenvatting B1 - Zenuwstelsel 1a Motoriek

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Een volledige samenvatting van de module B1 'Zenuwstelsel 1a Motoriek' uit de Klinische Vraagstukken. Voor de volledige inhoud: zie de inhoudsopgave.

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  • Unknown
  • October 27, 2018
  • 32
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

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By: sjorsmateijsen • 5 year ago

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Samenvatting B1
‘Zenuwstelsel 1a:
Motoriek’


Daan Beers
Klinische vraagstukken – Cluster B

,Inhoudsopgave
Neuroanatomie .......................................................................................................................... 4
Ruggenmerg ........................................................................................................................... 4
Wervellichamen ................................................................................................................. 4
Hersenvliezen en liquor .......................................................................................................... 5
Lokaliseren in de neurologie ...................................................................................................... 6
Schade centrale zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................ 6
Boven en onder de boord .................................................................................................. 7
Patronen ............................................................................................................................. 7
Schade perifere zenuwstelsel................................................................................................. 7
Patronen ............................................................................................................................. 8
Etiologie neurologische schade .............................................................................................. 8
Aandoeningen van de voorhoorncel .......................................................................................... 9
Amyotrofische Lateraal Sclerose ............................................................................................ 9
Diagnostiek ......................................................................................................................... 9
Behandeling ........................................................................................................................ 9
Spinale Musculaire Atrofie ................................................................................................... 10
Polio ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Postpoliosyndroom .......................................................................................................... 10
Zeldzame voorhoornaandoeningen ..................................................................................... 10
Segmentale spinale spieratrofie....................................................................................... 10
Anterior horn cell dysgenesis ........................................................................................... 11
Aandoeningen van de musculaire overgang ............................................................................ 12
Myastheen syndroom .......................................................................................................... 12
Klinische manifestatie ...................................................................................................... 12
Aandoeningen van de spier ...................................................................................................... 13
Spierdystrofie ....................................................................................................................... 13
Duchenne spierdystrofie .................................................................................................. 13
Myotone dystrofie ............................................................................................................ 14
Myotone dystrofie ................................................................................................................ 14
Therapie............................................................................................................................ 14
Congenitale myopathie ........................................................................................................ 14
Metabole myopathie ............................................................................................................ 14
Myositis ................................................................................................................................ 14
Inclusion body myositis .................................................................................................... 14


2

,Schouder en knie ...................................................................................................................... 28
Knie ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Femor ............................................................................................................................... 28
Tibia en fibula ................................................................................................................... 28
Ligamenten ....................................................................................................................... 28
Flexor spieren ................................................................................................................... 29




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, Neuroanatomie
Ruggenmerg
Zoals hiernaast te zien is lopen de hersenvliezen
door in het ruggenmerg, waarbij de pia mater
spinalis rechtstreeks tegen het ruggenmerg aan zit
en de arachnoidea mater spinalis en de dura mater
spinalis ervoor zorgen dat er liquor om het
ruggenmerg heen kan komen. Binnen deze
buitenste vliezen lopen de a. spinalis anterior, de v.
spinalis anterior, de a. spinalis posterior (2x) en de v.
spianlis posterior.

Het ramus dorsalis is een gemengde zenuw die de romp
enerveert. De ramus ventralis is ook gemengd, maar
enerveert de ledenmaten. Ten hoogte van de
ledenmaten bevindt zich een verdikking: intumescenties.

Wervellichamen
Het ruggenmerg ligt in de wervelkolom, zodat het beschermd wordt.
Toch is de wervelkolom vrij flexibel doordat de wervels met
gewrichtjes met elkaar verbonden zijn. De processus transversus
zijn de botjes die schuin uit de wervels steken (twee stuks), terwijl
de processus spinosus het botje is dat recht uitsteekt en makkelijk
voelbaar is.

Tussen de wervels zijn verschillende ruimtes waardoor o.a. zenuwen
en bloedvaten lopen. Door de foramen intervertebrale lopen de
spinale zenuwen uit het ruggenmerg. De a. vertebralis, die samen met
de a. carotis interna de hersenen van bloed voorziet, loopt door de
foramen transversarium heen vanaf de a. subclavia.




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