Regis College NU606 Quiz 1 Study Guide Exam.

Sign - correct answer Any objective evidence of disease as Symptom - correct answer subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache Acute - correct answer Abrupt onset; illness of short duration, rapidly progressive and in need of urgent care Syndrom - correct answer a group of symptoms Manifestation - correct answer signs and symptoms of disease; local or systemic Etiology - correct answer cause of disease hypertrophy - correct answer Increased in size of individual cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass Metaplasia - correct answer Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type Anaplasia - correct answer loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type Atrophy - correct answer decrease in cell size Protooncogenes - correct answer Normal cellular genes that when altered by mutation becomes an oncogene that can contribute to cancer Cancer - correct answer A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them. Lipoma - correct answer benign fatty tumor Adenoma - correct answer a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue Fibrosarcoma - correct answer a sarcoma in which the predominant cell type is a malignant fibroblast. Sarcoma - correct answer malignant tumor of connective tissue Epithelial tissue - correct answer Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Fibroblast - correct answer a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen Adenocarcinoma - correct answer Type of cancer that starts in mucus-producing glandular cells of the body Complication - correct answer Unfavorable result of a disease How does alkalosis impact nerves? - correct answer Increases irritability of nerves causing: restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling, finger numbness, eventually tetany, seizures, and coma What type of imbalance can hyperventilation lead to and how? - correct answer Respiratory alkalosis. Exhaling more CO2 than they are bringing in What is parathyroid hormone? - correct answer Regulates calcium and phosphorous concentration in the extracellular fluid; if calcium concentrations in EC fluid fall below normal, brings it back WNL. Calcium increases, phosphate in blood is reduced What happens when parathyroid hormone increases? - correct answer Too much can cause bone issues How does cocaine impact pregnancy? - correct answer Assciated with maternal migraines and seizures, premature membrane rupture, and placental separation from the uterus. Hypertensive crisis. Glucocorticoids - correct answer Suppress the immune system What does dry gangrene look like? - correct answer Black, dry How does low calcium impact cardiac contractions? - correct answer Cardiac contractions become weak since cardiac muscles rely on free calcium. Ca ions bind to troponin which exposes binding sites Transmission patterns for X linked recessive disorders - correct answer Manifested in heterozygous males who lack matching normal gene on the Y chromosome. Females are carriers when they are heterozygous. Where are the acupuncture points located? - correct answer Superficial Pathway What is milk-alkali syndrome? - correct answer Increased milk and antacid intake can lead to hypercalcemia Consequences of prolonged diarrhea? - correct answer Acidosis due to loss of bicarbonate in the stool What can cause hyperkalemia? - correct answer 1. renal failure 2. deficit of aldosterone 3. K+ sparing diuretics 4. leakage of intracellular K+ into the ECF (w/ extensive tissue damage) 5. displacement of K+ from cells by prolonged or severe acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)