TESTBANK PHARMACOLOGY CLEAR AND SIMPLE: A
GUIDE TO DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS AND DOSAGE
CALCULATIONS
Cynthia J. Watkins
4th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology 1
Chapter 2. Basics of Pharmacology 10
Chapter 3. Patient Safety in Medication Administration 19
Chapter 4. Regulations 30
Chapter 5. Prescriptions and Labels 42
Chapter 6. Review of Mathematics 49
Chapter 7. Measurement Systems 63
Chapter 8. Dosage Calculations 72
Chapter 9. Enteral Medications and Administration 80
Chapter 10. Parental Medications and Administration 87
Chapter 11. Integumentary System Medications 100
Chapter 12. Musculoskeletal System Medications 109
Chapter 13. Nervous System Medications 117
Chapter 14. Eye and Ear Medications 127
Chapter 15. Endocrine System Medications 133
Chapter 16. Cardiovascular System Medications 144
Chapter 17. Immunologic System Medications 156
Chapter 18. Pulmonary System Medications 167
Chapter 19. Gastrointestinal System Medications 175
Chapter 20. Reproductive and Urinary System Medications 184
Chapter 21. Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine 194
,Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Greek word pharmakon means which of the following?
a. Medicine
b. Poison
c. Remedy
d. Medicine, poison, and remedy
ANS: D
Rationale: The word pharmakon refers to the curing of illness, thus meaning medicine and
remedy, as well as poison because early medicines were toxic enough to kill a patient or
enemy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
2. The Dutch word droog means which of the following?
a. Drop
b. Drug
c. Dry
d. Dirge
ANS: C
Rationale: Droog, which meanWsW“W y,T”BisStM
dr. he.oWriSgin of the word drug, such as in the use of
dry herbs as medications.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
3. Most ancient societies treated illness based on which of the following?
a. Visions received by medicine men
b. Trial and error
c. Religion
d. Animal sacrifice
ANS: B
Rationale: Ancient societies had little knowledge of how the human body worked;
therefore, treating illness was often based on trial and error.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
4. Early records show that pharmacological treatments consisted of which of the following?
a. Plants
b. Minerals
c. Animal products
d. Plants, minerals, and animal products
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,
, ANS: D
Rationale: Early records show that plants, minerals, and animal products were the only
sources available; therefore, they were the only things used.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
5. What did the Chinese document The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic discuss for the first
time?
a. Yin and yang
b. Acupuncture
c. Meditation
d. Yin and yang and acupuncture
ANS: D
Rationale: This was a very early document discussing yin and yang and acupuncture.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
6. The first Chinese manual on pharmacology included 365 medicines and was written in
which of the following centuries?
a. 1st century CE
b. 2nd century CE
c. 3rd century CE
d. 4th century CE
WWW.TBSM.WS
ANS: A
Rationale: The first Chinese manual on pharmacology was written in the 1st century CE
and included 365 medicines, 252 of which were herbs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
7. The Ebers Papyrus is which of the following?
a. An Iranian medical text written approximately 400 BCE
b. An Egyptian medical document written approximately 1550 BCE
c. An Eskimo medical paper written approximately 750 BCE
d. A Roman medical document written approximately 600 BCE
ANS: B
Rationale: The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical document that was written circa 1550
BCE and lists about 700 “recipes” for a host of illnesses, from crocodile bites to psychiatric
illnesses.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Ebers Papyrus | History
8. The Ebers Papyrus contains which of the following?
a. Recipes for treating a variety of illnesses
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, b. The first detailed drawing of the human anatomy
c. Journal entries of early healers
d. Death records
ANS: A
Rationale: The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical document that was written circa 1550
BCE and lists about 700 “recipes” for a host of illnesses, from crocodile bites to psychiatric
illnesses.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Ebers Papyrus | History
9. Al-Razi, an Iranian, wrote a 20-volume medical book named which of the following?
a. Hawi-Al
b. Rad-Mal
c. Al-Hawi
d. Mal-Rad
ANS: C
Rationale: Al-Hawi is a 20-volume medical book written by the Iranian al-Razi. This text
was translated into Latin in the 13th century, greatly influencing medicine in medieval
Europe.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Al-Hawi | History
10. Examples of healers include allWoWf W
th.eTfoBllSoM
w.inW
gSexcept:
a. Wise men
b. Shamans
c. Medicine men and women
d. Tiki men
e. Witch doctors
ANS: D
Rationale: Healers were known as wise men, shamans, witch doctors, and medicine men
and women.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
11. What event marked the beginning of modern pharmacology?
a. Chemists isolating pure chemicals from plants
b. The discovery of microorganisms
c. The ability to create medication in a laboratory setting
d. Mass production of medication
ANS: A
Rationale: During the 1800s, chemists were finally able to isolate the pure chemicals
needed to make medicine from plants, marking the beginning of modern pharmacology.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
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, KEY: History
12. The main cause of death of U.S. soldiers during World War I was which of the following?
a. Infection
b. Accidents
c. Combat injuries
d. Infection and accidents
ANS: D
Rationale: More U.S. soldiers died in World War I of infection and accidents than of actual
combat injuries.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History
13. What obstacle needed to be overcome to provide penicillin to soldiers during World War II?
a. The high cost of the drug
b. Transportation of the drug
c. Production of penicillin in large enough quantities
d. Education of doctors about penicillin
ANS: C
Rationale: During World War II, mass production of penicillin began and was able to
provide the antibiotic to the war effort, thus minimizing deaths caused by infection.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Penicillin
WWW.TBSM.WS
14. The science of altering the source of drugs, allowing more to be produced or creating
different variations of the source, is known as which of the following?
a. Genetic engineering
b. Pharmacological engineering
c. Medication manipulation
d. Pharmacological harvesting
ANS: A
Rationale: Genetic engineering can alter the source of drugs, allowing more to be produced
or creating different variations of the source.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Genetic engineering
15. Pharmacological advances in the 21st century include which of the following?
a. Gene splicing
b. Pharmacogenetics
c. Plant hybrid development
d. Gene splicing, pharmacogenetics, and plant hybrid development
ANS: B
Rationale: In the 21st century, pharmacogenetics studies individual candidate genes to
specifically match medications to the patient through their genetic makeup.
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, PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Pharmacogenetics
16. What plant is the source of most estrogen hormone replacements?
a. Yams
b. Carrots
c. Acorn squash
d. Broccoli
ANS: A
Rationale: Most estrogen hormone replacements come from yams.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Drug sources
17. What animals are a source of insulin?
a. Cows
b. Horses
c. Pigs
d. Sheep
e. Both cows and pigs
ANS: E
Rationale: Insulin is collected from the pancreases of cows and pigs.
PTS: 1 DIF: EWasWyW.TBSMT
.OWPS: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Drug Sources
18. Sources of drugs include all of the following except:
a. Plants and animals
b. Synthetic materials
c. Minerals
d. Toxins
e. Air
ANS: E
Rationale: Drug sources include synthetic materials (manufactured in a sterile clinical lab),
plants, animals, minerals, and toxins.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Drug sources
19. All of the following drugs are derived from plants except:
a. Aspirin
b. Novocain
c. Ibuprofen.
d. Digoxin
e. Vitamin C
ANS: C
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, Rationale: Ibuprofen is an example of a medication that is produced synthetically in a
laboratory. Aspirin comes from the bark of the white willow tree, rose hips are a rich source
of vitamin C, digoxin comes from the foxglove plant, and Novocain comes from the coca
plant.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Drug sources
20. Animal sources of drugs include which of the following?
a. Horses
b. Cows
c. Pigs
d. Horses, cows, and pigs
ANS: D
Rationale: Domesticated animals are used for some medications. Premarin is produced
from a pregnant mare’s urine, cows and pigs provide hormone replacement medications
such as insulin, and lanolin is made from separating oil from other chemical’s and waste
products from sheep’s wool.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Drug sources
21. The term that refers to the effect a drug has on the body is which of the following?
a. Pharmacodynamics
b. Pharmacokinetics
c. Pharmacocites WWW.TBSM.WS
d. Pharmacyclics
ANS: A
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics refers to the effect a drug has on the body or, scientifically,
the negative and positive biochemical and physiological changes it creates.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: History | Pharmacology
22. Which of the following drugs is prophylactic?
a. Estrogen
b. Diuretic
c. Flu vaccine
d. Radiopaque dye
e. Fever reducer
ANS: C
Rationale: The flu vaccine is administered to prevent the patient from contracting
influenza.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Pharmacology
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, 23. Which of the following is a replacement drug?
a. Estrogen
b. Diuretic
c. Flu vaccine
d. Radiopaque dye
e. Fever reducer
ANS: A
Rationale: Estrogen is a female hormone that is lost when the ovaries no longer function
appropriately because of disease or surgery. Therefore, estrogen would be administered to
replace the naturally occurring estrogen that is now absent.
PTS: 1 DIF: Intermediate TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Pharmacology
24. Which of the following drugs is palliative?
a. Estrogen
b. Diuretic
c. Flu vaccine
d. Radiopaque dye
e. Fever reducer
ANS: E
Rationale: Fever reducers such as acetaminophen are administered as a palliative measure,
which means that the patient is being given medication to ease symptoms, not cure disease.
PTS: 1 DIF: InWtW
erW
m.edTiB
atS
e MT
.OWPS: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Pharmacology
25. What is the source of potassium chloride?
a. Animal
b. Plant
c. Mineral
d. Human
e. Synthetic
ANS: C
Rationale: Potassium is necessary for the heart to function properly, so patients who are at
risk of potassium deficiencies are given the medication potassium chloride, which is
obtained from the earth in mineral form.
PTS: 1 DIF: Basic TOP: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY: Pharmacology
26. What is the source of barbiturates?
a. Animal
b. Plant
c. Mineral
d. Human
e. Synthetic
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