NUR 221 Quiz 2 Questions And Answers.
What is essential in preventing hyperbilirubinemia?
Adequate feeding. Newborns should breastfeed early (within 1 to 2 hours after birth) and often (at least 8 to 12 times/24 hours). Colostrum acts as a laxative to promote stooling, which helps rid the body ...
NUR 221 Quiz 2 Questions And Answers.
What is essential in preventing hyperbilirubinemia?
Adequate feeding. Newborns should breastfeed early (within 1 to 2 hours after birth)
and often (at least 8 to 12 times/24 hours). Colostrum acts as a laxative to promote
stooling, which helps rid the body of bilirubin. Formula fed infants should be fed after
birth when their physiologic status has stabilized and therefore every 3 to 4 hours.
What are the most common risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia?
Gestational age less than 38 weeks, exclusive breastfeeding (especially in association
with breastfeeding difficulties and excessive weight loss), significant jaundice in a
sibling, isoimmune or other hemolytic disease (e.g., glucose 6 phosphate
dehydrogenase [G6PD] deficiency), cephalhematoma, significant bruising, and East
Indian race.
What is the most common treatment for hyperbilirubinemia?
Phototherapy
SAFETY ALERT (pg. 578):
When a phototherapy lamp is used, the infant's eyes must be protected by an opaque
mask to prevent retinal damage. The eye shield should cover the eyes completely but
not occlude the nares. Before the mask is applied, the infant's eyes should be closed
gently to prevent excoriation of the corneas. The mask should be removed periodically
and during infant feedings so that the eyes can be assessed and cleansed with water
and the parents can have visual contact with the infant.
How often should infants under phototherapy lights be repositioned?
At least every 2 to 3 hours to maximize skin exposure.
What are the manifestations (physiological responses) of acute pain in the
neonate?
1.) Vital signs: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, rapid, shallow
respirations
2.) Oxygenation: Decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, decreased arterial
oxygen saturation
3.) Skin: Pallor or flushing, diaphoresis, palmar sweating
4.) Laboratory evidence of metabolic or endocrine changes: Hyperglycemia,
lowered pH, elevated corticosteroids
5.) Other observations: Increased muscle tone, dilated pupils, decreased vagal nerve
tone, increased intracranial pressure
What are the manifestations (behavioral responses) of acute pain in the neonate?
1.) Vocalizations: Crying, whimpering, groaning
2.) Facial expression: Grimaces, brow furrowed, chin quivering, eyes tightly closed,
mouth open and squarish
3.) Body movements and posture: Limb withdrawal, thrashing, rigidity, flaccidity, fist
clenching
4.) Changes in state: Changes in sleep-wake cycles, changes in feeding behavior,
changes in activity level, fussiness, irritability, listlessness
What are some nonpharmacological techniques for managing pain in a neonate?
One of the most common measures is swaddling or snugly wrapping the infant with a
blanket. Nonnutritive sucking (NNS) on a pacifier is a common comfort measure used
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