I have summarised questions and answers of previous exam papers as well as assignments. There are no True or False answers, only short and long questions have been summarised as well as concepts, terms and definitions
Full Service School
These are ordinary schools that will be equipped and supported to address a full range of learning needs amongst all
the learners. It caters for a wide range of learner needs. A full-service school should be equipped and supported to
provide for a broad range of learning needs.
Special schools as resources centres
These are the former special schools that have been converted into resource centres. They accommodate learners
who are in need of high intensity support, but they also provide a range of specialised professional support services
to ordinary and full service schools.
Mainstream schools
This means general educaton classes are combined with special educaton classes. Schools that practce
mainstreaming believe that students with special needs who cannot functon in a general educaton classroom to a
certain extent belong in the special educaton environment.
Mainstreaming
Mainstreaming is an educaton system that ensures that learners with disabilites are educated alongside their peers
without disabilites. Schools that practce mainstreaming believe that children with special needs who cannot
functon properly in a normal classroom to a certain extent belong in a special educaton classroom or environment.
It is the practse of placing children with special needs in a diferent classroom and keeping the “normal” children in
another classroom.
School Based Support Team
Also called Insttuton-Level Support Teams (ILST). These are local support teams in schools, Early Childhood centres
or colleges.
District-based support team
This is an integrated professional service at the district level. They aim at providing support to teachers at various
schools in order for them to identfy and address barriers to learning experienced by learners in schools.
Universal Design for Learning
One of the strategies to develop an inclusive approach. Similar to the concept of diferentaton, nDL aims to
establish educaton environment whereby all learners can learn. Learning materials are adapted to suit individual
needs of all learners learn and partcipate. It guides the development of fexible learning environments that can
accommodate individual learning diferences.
Learning Support
Can be defned as all actvites that increase the capacity of a school to respond to diversity. Identfy and assess
barriers to learning, plan and implement a support programme and adapt teaching strategies and discover teaching
approaches that you will be able to use again. It refers to assistance provided to learners who experience any form
of barriers to learning or who require special needs in educaton in order to overcome or remove the barrier to
learning and advance academic progress.
, Barriers to learning
A barrier to learning is anything that stands in the way of a child being able to learn efectvely. A learner may
experience one or more barriers to learning throughout his or her educaton. or example - extreme poverty, abuse
or neglect will all act as barriers to a child's learning. Barriers to learning refer to difcultes that arise within the
educaton system as a whole, the learning site and/or within the learner him/herself, which prevent access
to learning and development.
Collaboraton
Often, collaboratve learning is used as an umbrella term for a variety of approaches in educaton that involve joint
intellectual efort by students or students and teachers by engaging individuals in interdependent learning actvites.
Collaboraton helps to ensure children with learning disabilites get a free appropriate public educaton, including
specialized instructon, in a regular classroom.
Integraton
Integraton is the process whereby learners, with and without disabilites, atend the same schools in the
neighbourhood, without being provided with the support that they require. Integraton means to coordinate
diferent actvites to ensure harmonious functoning.
Inclusion
The term inclusion captures, in one word, an all-embracing societal ideology. Regarding individuals with disabilites
and special educaton, inclusion secures opportunites for students with disabilites to learn alongside their non-
disabled peers in general educaton classrooms.
Individual support plan
IEP is a plan/document that guides the teacher on the support needs for a child experiencing some learning barriers.
This is a plan that provides the necessary details about what is most important to an individual with intellectual
disabilites so that everyone involved in supportng that individual can focus on those areas for achieving and
maintaining personal outcomes.
Early identficaton
Early identfcaton includes the evaluaton and treatment provided to families and their children under 3 years old
who have, or are at risk for having, a disability, or delay in speech, language or hearing. A child can quickly fall behind
if speech and language learning is delayed.
Medical model of disability
The medical model of disability is overly concerned with diagnosis and treatment and, in educaton, those who are
diferent are targets for “remediaton” (they must be fxed), as their diferentness is regarded as the problem. It is a
model that is overly dependent on specialists. This defnes an illness or disability as the result of a physical
conditon, which is part of that individual’s own body and which may reduce the individual’s quality of life and cause
clear disadvantages to the individual. The medical model sees disability as something that is ‘wrong’ with a person’s
body or mine and it does not look at what the person needs.
Social model of disability
The social model of disability looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people. When
barriers are removed, they can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives.
The social model of disability is a paradigm that considers how person factors (impairment) interact with the
environment to cause disabilites.
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