NURS 534 Advanced Physiology 46 CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Most processing of ribonucleic acid (RNA) occurs in the ______
Nucleus = contains DNA and RNA, replicates, repairs, and transcribes genetic material
The RNA-protein complex exist in in the cytosol in either free form or...
1). Most processing of ribonucleic acid (rna) occurs in the ______
nucleus = contains dna and rna, replicates, repairs, and transcribes genetic material
Ans: Nucleus
2). The rna-protein complex exist in in the cytosol in either free form or attached to the _______
Ans: Edoplasmic reticulum (ER)
3). The _______ is a network of channels that extend through the cytoplasm.
Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
4). A _____ endoplasmic reticulum (er) is prominent in cells that produce/secrete high qualities
of proteins.
Ans: Rough
5). Important in excreting molecules (toxins); also the smooth er is the site for synthesizing
lipids and fats
Ans: The smooth ER
6). • ribosomes are also located throughout the cytoplasm (i.e., they do not have to be
connected with the er).
• the purpose of these structures is to translate messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) for
proteins needed in the cytosol.
for proteins that will be secreted from the cell or incorporated into the cell's membrane, then
the manufacturing takes place in the ribosomes attached to the er. which ribosomes is this
one?
free ribosomes in the cytoplasm and
ribosomes embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er)
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, Ans: Free ribosomes
7). * a network of membranes and vesicles.
* the golgi apparatus packages proteins into vesicles
* the vesicles break off from the golgi complex and migrate to a variety of intracellular and
extracellular destinations.
* the golgi complex is more prominent in some cells, particularly those that secrete
proteins. (ex. immunoglobulins)
8). • contain hydrolytic enzymes; these enzymes were synthesized in the endoplasmic
reticulum (the enzymes were subsequently released from the golgi apparatus). • these
enzymes are important for hydrolyzing carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. •
enzymes in the lysosomes are tagged with a mannose‐6‐phosphate molecule.
use hydrolysis (breaking hydrogen bonds) to break down excess/worn out cells
Ans: Lysosomes
9). • these membrane enclosed organelles contain oxidative enzymes.
• catabolism of long chain fatty acids (through β‐oxidation). these the converted to medium
chain fatty acids, which are broken down to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria.
• _______ are also important in the formation of the phospholipid, plasmalogen
(plasmalogen is a component of myelin)
peroxisomes = catabolism of long chain fatty acids (through β‐oxidation)
catabolism = uses energy to break things down
Ans: Peroxisomes
10). This organelle generates the majority of the cellular supply of adenosine triphosphate (atp).
• the _____ has a double membrane; during oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are
transferred to electron donors and acceptors (e.g., oxygen). these reactions release energy
(atp).
• the __________ has an independent genome, and mutations in mitochondrial genes have
been associated with a variety of human diseases
mitochondria = powerhouse of the cell, site of oxidative phosphorylation
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