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  3. SOAS , University Of London (SOAS)
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  5. Critical Security Studies

Essay

First Class essay on Global Health Security. 3000 words
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  • Vak
  • Critical Security Studies
  • Instelling
  • SOAS , University Of London (SOAS)

An in-depth analytical essay that explores the concept of global health security (GHS) within the framework of international relations, public health, and policymaking. The essay presents a critical examination of the traditional and dominant conception of GHS, which has primarily focused on managi...

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Document informatie

  • 15 maart 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Essay
  • Onbekend
  • A+

Onderwerpen

  • critical secuirty studies
  • global health
  • global health secuirty
  • international security
  • secuirty
  • world security
  • covid 19
  • ebola
  • politics
  • politics and international relations

Geschreven voor

  • SOAS , University of London (SOAS)
  • Onbekend
  • Critical Security Studies
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CSS AS2 GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY


Introduction


The politics of security, particularly in the domain of global health,

represents a critical intersection of international relations, public health,

and policymaking. In this essay, we embark on a critical analysis of the

politics of security as expressed in global health security, probing into its

conceptual foundations, practices, and the distributional effects of these

practices. The central thesis of this analysis is that while the traditional

conception of global health security- centred primarily on managing cross-

border infectious diseases- has been instrumental in mitigating immediate

biological threats, it inadequately addresses the broader socio-economic

and political determinants of health. This narrow focus results in policies

and practices that, while effective in containing specific diseases, fall

short in fostering long-term, sustainable health security. We argue for a

redefined conception of global health security, one that transcends the

traditional disease-centric approach and integrates a more holistic

perspective, encompassing the systemic factors that underpin health

vulnerabilities. Through this analysis, we aim to contribute to a more

nuanced understanding of global health security, advocating for a

paradigm shift towards a more inclusive and equitable approach that

addresses the multifaceted nature of health threats in our interconnected

world.


Dominant Conception of Security

, In the realm of global health security, the dominant conception of

security has traditionally been centred around the prevention and control

of infectious disease outbreaks that pose a significant risk to international

health and stability. This perspective primarily views security through the

lens of safeguarding populations from biological threats, including

emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism. According to McInnes and

Lee (2006), this approach has largely been influenced by the

securitization theory, which posits that certain issues are framed as

existential threats requiring emergency measures and often legitimising

extraordinary means to address them. The framing of health as a security

issue gained particular prominence in the aftermath of the 2003 SARS

outbreak and the 2014 Ebola crisis, as these events highlighted the

transnational nature of health risks and their potential to disrupt global

order (Davies, 2008; Elbe, 2010). However, this conception has been

critiqued for its narrow focus on specific types of threats, often

overlooking broader determinants of health such as healthcare access and

socio-economic conditions (Rushton, 2011).

The conception of what needs to be secured in the context of global

health security extends beyond the mere containment of diseases to

encompass the protection of complex health systems and populations at

large. This broader view recognizes that threats to health security are not

only biological agents but also include the systemic weaknesses in

healthcare infrastructure and disparities in health access. As argued by

McInnes and Rushton (2010), global health security involves safeguarding

both the physical well-being of populations and the systems that support

, health, including medical supply chains, healthcare facilities, and public

health institutions. This inclusive perspective is underscored by the 2005

International Health Regulations (IHR), which expanded the definition of

health emergencies of international concern, highlighting the necessity to

protect against not just specific diseases but also against threats posed by

weak health systems and inadequate response capacities (Fidler, 2005;

Kamradt-Scott, 2015). Such an understanding of security reflects a shift

towards a more holistic approach, recognizing that vulnerabilities in one

part of the global health system can have cascading effects, undermining

health security on a global scale (Bozorgmehr et al., 2010).


Who or What is to be Secured

In the discourse of global health security, the entities that are

primarily considered to be at risk and thus in need of being secured are

both individual populations and the international community at large. This

dual focus encompasses protecting specific groups, such as those in

regions with weak healthcare infrastructure or in areas prone to

outbreaks, and the global population as a whole from the spread of

infectious diseases. As highlighted by Davies (2010), the emphasis is

often on vulnerable populations in developing countries, which are seen

as epicentres for the emergence of infectious diseases due to factors like

poverty, political instability, and inadequate health systems. However, the

interconnectedness of global health means that threats are not confined

to these areas; as Buse and Harmer (2004) point out, diseases can rapidly

traverse borders, making global health security a universally relevant

issue. This perspective was starkly illustrated by the H1N1 pandemic of

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