Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University (with Complete Solutions) 2024.

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? correct answers Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? correct answers Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? correct answers Answer: XXY A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? correct answers Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? correct answers Answer: Expressivity In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? correct answers Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene correct answers Answer: Autosomal recessive How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? correct answers Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: correct answers Answer: Sodium The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: correct answers Answer: Reduced protein synthesis What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? correct answers Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. correct answers Answer: Turner syndrome