Family Medicine EOR: Infectious Disease (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Family Medicine EOR: Infectious Disease (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? HIV is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome What is the RNA structure of HIV? HIV is single-stranded and linear enveloped RNA virus How does untreated HIV infection initially present? Untreated HIV infection initially presents with flu like symptoms, followed by a period of clinical latency. Reactivation of this parasitic protozoa can occur in AIDS patients, leading to brain abscesses? Toxoplasma reactivation can occur in AIDS patients, leading to brain abscesses What is the preferred testing algorithm for HIV? The preferred testing algorithm uses a fourth-generation antigen/antibody combination HIV-1/2 immunoassay plus a confirmatory HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay An alternative approach involves ELISA (screening test) which if positive is confirmed by Western Blot. Rapid testing is done by blood or saliva test with confirmatory testing if positive Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count less what? Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count of less than 200/mm3. What are the chances of contracting HIV from a needlestick injury involving a patient with known HIV? The chances of contracting HIV from a needlestick injury involving a patient with known HIV is < 0.3% Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count less than what? Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count of less than 200/mm3 When should PEP be started after exposure? PEP should be started within 72 hours of exposure. Testing should be done on the worker and the patient - resting at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Antiretrovirals combo therapy with drugs from different classes should be continued for at least 4 weeks, full course PEP reduces the chance of HIV transmission by up to 70% What test is used for determining prognosis in HIV patients? HIV polymerase chain reaction is the test used for determining prognosis in HIV patients Cytomegalovirus reactivation typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count less than what? Cytomegalovirus reactivation, leading to retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis, typically occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4+ cell count less than 100/mm3 What two tumors are among the AIDS-defining conditions? Among the AIDS-defining conditions, there are tumors like Kaposi sarcoma and primary lymphoma of the brain When does AIDS occurs in an HIV-positive individual? AIDS occurs in an HIV-positive individual when the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 and/or when there is the presence of an AIDS-associated infection What type of pneumonia is among the AIDS-defining conditions? Among the AIDS-defining conditions, there is pneumocystis pneumonia What are the components of highly active antiretroviral therapy?