JOMC 486: Exam One|59 Questions & Answers | with 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified

first amendment - ️️congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances levels of speech/expression - ️️-pure speech -intermediate speech -unprotected speech pure speech - ️️given the highest level of protection; examples: public speech, writing a letter, publishing a newspaper or book intermediate speech - ️️examples: symbolic speech (conduct or action), advertising, broadcasting unprotected speech - ️️examples: fighting words, libel, obscenity Speech-Action Dichotomy - ️️actions undertaken for expressive purposes may be regulated, but still receive some protection; non-expressive actions have no First Amendment protection Political-Nonpolitical Speech Dichotomy - ️️speech that is political in the sense of contributing to self-government receives the highest level of protection; artificial distinction between political and nonpolitical (the personal IS political) Content-Neutral, Content-Based Dichotomy - ️️content-based regulation subjected to strict scrutiny; content-neutral regulations judged by a less demanding standard strict scrutiny - ️️the most rigorous form of judicial review