(Cambridge IGCSE Sociology)key terms of unit: 3(social inequality)
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Sociology
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Cambridge IGCSE Sociology Coursebook
Unit 3: Social inequality
This unit explores the way in which social processes stratify society in all parts of the world, the reasons why inequalities exist, as well as how they are created and perpetuated. This document contains definitions of the key terms for the unit 3 (social inequality) that...
2.1 What is the relationship between the individual and society?
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‘A’ TO ‘Z’ KEY TERMS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY
ABSULUTE POVERTY: Being without some or all of the basic necessites of
life(ex:food,safe drinking water,sanitaton(toilets near
home),shelter,health,educaton,informaton(access to
media)
ACHİEVED STATUS: A status that individuals acquire(earn) through their own
effort.(ex;bbeing an athlete,laweer,Professional..)
AGEISIM/AGE: Discriminaton against someone based on their age.(ex;bIn
modern societes older age brings loss of status.) And age
is a form of social straticaton.
APARTHEID: The straticaton sestem in South Africa untl 1994 based
on keeping racial groups apart.(racial segregaton)
ASCRİBED STATUS: A status that is given to individuals be their societe
group,over which thee have litle or no control.
(ex;bage ,sex,ethnic group,religion,social class..)
BLUE COLLAR WORKER /WHITE COLLAR Blue collar worker is manual worker ,member of the
working class(phesical effort is needed).White collar
WORKER:
worker is non manual worker,member of the middle
class.(mental effort is needed)
BOURGEOISIE: The ruling or upper class in Marxist theore.
CAPITALISM: The economic sestem of most countries todae based on
private ownership of the means of producton.(rich get
richer ,poor get poorer)
CASTE: A closed straticaton sestem traditonalle found in India.
(It is made up of priests,warriors,traders,unskilled
workers,disabeld)
CIVIL RIGHTS/HUMAN RIGHTS: Civil rights that protect the freedom of the
individuals.Human rights have wider categore than civil
rights ,including politcal rights.
CLOSED SOCIETY: A societe in which mobilite between different levels of
straticaton is not possible.(caste,slave)
, ‘A’ TO ‘Z’ KEY TERMS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY
CULTURE OF POVERTY: When poor people have set of values thar keep them in
poverte.(having no educaton ,literace,being unable to
plan fort he future,immediate
graticaton,fatalism,depending on others,not using
resources such as hospitals)
CYCLE OF POVERTY: When poverte tends to be inherited,so the new
generaton,cannot escape the poverte of their parents.
DEPENDENCY CULTURE: A set of values leading people to lose the abilite to look
afer themselves so thee become dependent,for example,
on welfare beneits.
DISABILITY: Covers a wide range of tepes of impairment in how the
bode functons in carreing out actvites.
DISCRIMINATION: When an individual or group suffers a disadvantage
because of their characteristcs,for example being
refused a job.
DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH/REDISTRIBUTION The wae in which wealth is distributed.
OF WEALTH:
DOMESTIC LABOUR: The work that has to be done within the home ,such as
housework;bunderstanding how domestc labour is
divided is important for understanding gender inequalite
in families.
ELITE: The privileged group at the top of a straticaton sestem.
EMBOURGEOISEMENT/PROLETARIANISATION: Embourgeoisement is the theore that the higher levels of
the working class are becoming middle
class.proletarianisaton is the theore that the lower levels
of the middle class are becoming working class.
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES: When all people are given the same chances (for example
applleingfor a job)regardless of differences such as
age,genderand social class
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