Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2 with 100%
Correct Answers 2023.
1). Type 1 diabetes
Ans: Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
2). Type 2 diabetes
Ans: Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese
individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin
utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin
production.
3). Pathophysiology of diabetes
Ans: The pathophysiology of diabetes involves plasm concentrations of glucose
signaling the central nervous system to mobilize energy reserves. It is based on cerebral
blood flow and tissue integrity, arterial plasma glucose, the speed that plasma glucose
concentrations fall, and other available metabolic fuels. Low plasma glucose causes a
surge in autonomic activity.
4). Acromegaly
Ans: abnormal enlargement of the extremities. occurs in adults
5). Hyperthyroidism
Ans: excessive activity of the thyroid gland- >thyroxine
ØInsomnia, restlessness, tremor, irritability, palpitations, heat intolerance, diaphoresis,
diarrhea, inability to concentrate that interferes with work performance; enlarged thyroid
gland
ØIncreased basal metabolic rate leads to weight loss, although appetite and dietary intake
increase.
6). Hyperperathyroidism
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, Ans: Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands
become overactive and secrete too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes the
levels of calcium in the blood to rise, a condition known as hypercalcemia.
7). Childhood gigantism
Ans: pituitary gigantism when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth
hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. if not treated they will have a lower life
expectancy and weak limbs. risk of cardiomegaly and heart failure
8). Hypothyroidism
Ans: A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than
normal
ØDecreased basal metabolic rate
ØWeakness, lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased appetite
ØBradycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and mild/moderate weight gain
ØElevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides
ØEnlarged thyroid, dry skin, constipation
ØDepression, difficulties with concentration/memory
ØLoss of eyebrow
Menstrual irregularity
9). Primary hypothyroidism
Ans: Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly attack your
thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle weakness.
10). Secondary hypothyroidism
Ans: low TSH low levels of T3 and T4
11). Myxedema
Ans: occurs in severe or prolonged hypothyroidism.
ØGeneralized, non-pitting edema
ØDecreased level of consciousness, hypotension, hypothermia, history of precipitating
event (trauma, sepsis, certain drugs)
ØMay progress to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition if treatment not received
12). Graves disease
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