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PCOL 390 Final Exam questions with correct answers
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PCOL 390 Final Exam questions with correct answers
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PCOL 390 Final Exam questions with correct answersThe most accepted definition for a drug is: Correct Answer-Any substance (other than food) that elicits a physiological effect and is used for therapeutic intent to prevent, alleviate, or cure illness.
The best definition for a Pharmacologist is: Correct Answer-A research scientist who seeks new knowledge of the source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, physiological actions, absorption, fate, and excretion, and therapeutic uses of drugs.
The best definition for a Pharmacist is: Correct Answer-A health professional with specialized training in preparing and dispensing prescription drugs.
Which of the following clinical trial phases typically enrolls the largest number of patients? Correct Answer-Phase 3.
Preclinical studies in drug development often include: Correct Answer-1. Drug discovery studies
2. In vitro cell-based studies
3. Live animal studies
Identify the FALSE statement(s)
- Cardiac glycosides can be found in plants and are an example of phytocehmicals
- Reports of self-medication in animals is limited to humans and non-human primates
- Mulberry Leaf extract is an FDA-approved over the counter medication
- Type 2 diabetes is due to the destruction of beta-cells of the pancreas - Drug dose-response curves are displayed in a log-linear (semi-log) format Correct
Answer-- Mulberry Leaf extract is an FDA-approved over the counter medication.
- Type 2 diabetes is due to the destruction of beta-cells of the pancreas.
With respect to the A1C test, choose all the TRUE statements:
- Provides a measurement of the 3-month average of an individual's blood ketone levels.
- Provides a measurement of the 3-month average of an individual's blood glucose levels.
- Measures the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
- Measures the amount of glucose bound to myoglobin in muscle cells.
- All of the above are FALSE. Correct Answer-- Provides a measurement of the 3-
month average of an individual's blood glucose levels
- Measures the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
With respect to the Therapeutic Index (TI), choose the TRUE statement(s):
- ED50 refers to the dose that elicits an effective response in 50% of individuals
- TD50 refers to the dose that elicits a toxic response in 50% of individuals
- TI is the ratio of TD50/ED50
- TI is the ratio of ED50/TD50
- Overall, the greater the TI value is, the safer the drug is from toxic side effects Correct Answer-- ED50 refers to the dose that elicits an effective response in 50% of individuals
- TD50 refers to the dose that elicits a toxic response in 50% of individuals
- TI is the ratio of TD50/ED50 - Overall, the greater the TI value is, the safer the drug is from toxic side effects
Within an individual a drug undergoes a multi-phase life cycle. Which is NOT one of those phases. Correct Answer-Synthesis.
Routes of drug administration include: Correct Answer-- Intravenous (IV)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Oral (PO)
- Subcutaneous (sc)
- Inhalation
(T/F) The hepatic portal system collects venous blood from the lower esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, spleen and delivers it to the liver via portal vein. Correct Answer-True.
(T/F) The liver metabolizes xenobiotics delivered via the hepatic portal via "First Pass" metabolism. Correct Answer-True.
(T/F) Chondrocytes are the functional cells of the liver. Correct Answer-False.
Identify the TRUE statements regarding cytochrome P450s (CYP450).
- CYP450s are a large, highly polymorphic gene family of mixed-function oxygenases
- CYP450s play an important role in drug metabolism
- CYP450s can activate drugs to their biologically active form
- CYP450s can activate drugs to their biologically toxic form
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