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PCOL Exam 3 questions with complete solutions.
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PCOL Exam 3 questions with complete solutions.
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PCOL Exam 3 questions with complete solutionsBy inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) CORRECT ANSWER How is methanol and toxic alcohol poisoning treated?
Activated charcoal to adsorb the poison CORRECT ANSWER In order to prevent the absorption of an orally ingested poison, what is the best choice of treatment?
Relatively high oxygen content contained in Zone 1 CORRECT ANSWER What is
one reason for regional susceptibility to toxicity across the liver? (specifically with zone 1)
It expresses many enzymes that may metabolize drugs to toxic compounds, Receives a large volume of blood via portal circulation, Is able to uptake and concentrate xenobiotics, and has its own immune cells to mount an inflammatory response CORRECT ANSWER What are the reasons that the liver is extremely susceptible to drug toxicity?
Toxicology CORRECT ANSWER The study of adverse effects of chemicals in living organisms is defined as _________________.
Poison CORRECT ANSWER An agent that can cause a deleterious response in a biological system is define as a _________________.
Toxin CORRECT ANSWER A toxic substance produced by biological systems is defined as a ______________.
Toxicant CORRECT ANSWER A toxic substance produced by or as a result of byproducts of anthropogenic activities is defined as a ________________ (these are man-made, ex. = smoke stacks) Toxin; Toxicant CORRECT ANSWER A ____________ is a toxic substance produced by biological systems in animals, while a ______________ is a toxic substance produced by man-made processes or anthropogenic activities.
Xenobiotic CORRECT ANSWER A compound present in an organism that is not normally produced by or expected to be present within that organism is defined as a __________________.
Source, Exposure, ADMET, Dose, Target and MOA CORRECT ANSWER What are the principles of toxicology?
Route, Duration, Single vs. Repeated, and Frequency CORRECT ANSWER What are the sub-disciplines of the Exposure principle of toxicology?
Environmental, Occupational, Critter bites and stings, and Medications CORRECT
ANSWER What are the most common Sources of toxic substances that make up this principle of toxicology?
True (MOA can vary across different tissues and tissues possess different sensitivities) CORRECT ANSWER True or False: There are usually multiple targets for poisons/drugs, which can produce a variation in both toxicity and the mechanism of action in each of those targets.
False (different tissues possess different sensitivities) CORRECT ANSWER True or False: The target organ of a toxic substance is always the site of highest concentration. Vehicle and formulation of drug/agent CORRECT ANSWER Other than the specific route of administration, what else can affect the rate of exposure with regard to the route of toxic agents?
Duration (how long toxic substance has been contaminating system) CORRECT ANSWER Which sub-discipline of exposure is particularly hard to determine, especially with chronic, repeated exposures?
Acute, Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic CORRECT ANSWER What are the possible "durations" for exposure to a roxic substance?
Single exposure to a toxic substance for less than 24 hours CORRECT ANSWER What constitutes an acute duration of exposure to a toxic substance?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance for less than a month CORRECT ANSWER What constitutes a subacute duration of exposure to a toxic substance?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance for between 1-3 months CORRECT ANSWER What constitutes a subchronic duration of exposure to a toxic substance?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance for longer than 3 months (could be up to years) CORRECT ANSWER What constitutes a chronic duration of exposure to a toxic substance?
Can cause sleepiness with acute exposure, but may cause leukemia in chronic exposures CORRECT ANSWER How does duration of exposure play a role with the example of single vs. repeated exposures to toxic benzene? (Acute vs. chronic effects) Repeated; Single CORRECT ANSWER Subacute, Subchronic, and Chronic exposures are categorized under __________________ exposures, while Acute exposures are categorized as _________________ exposures.
A; C CORRECT ANSWER Which of these compounds have the longest half-life? Shortest?
False (longer half-lives have higher potential to be toxic) CORRECT ANSWER True or False: Drugs/compounds with shorter half-lives have the highest potential to cause toxic effects.
A; Yes, (drug/administration-dependent) repetitive exposures to a non-toxic drug may still cause irritating damage to the body that is independent of drug concentration CORRECT ANSWER Which drug here has the highest potential to cause toxic effects? Is it possible for drug C to cause damage to the body even though it is readily cleared and doesn't reach toxic concentrations?
Prodrugs CORRECT ANSWER What type of drug products are the primary examples of bioactivation occurring in the body when administered?
Detoxification CORRECT ANSWER Biotransformations that eliminate the ultimate toxicant or prevent its formation in order to help clear the substance from the body is defined as _________________
False (metabolism to an active byproduct) CORRECT ANSWER True or False: The metabolism of drug/compound to an inactive byproduct is defined as bioactivation.
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