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Pcol Exam 2 question with correct answers.
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Pcol Exam 2 question with correct answers.
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Pcol Exam 2 question with correct answersThe central nervous system is branched off to: (2) CORRECT ANSWER brain, spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is branched off to: (2) CORRECT ANSWER autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system branched off to: (2) CORRECT ANSWER sympathetic and parasympathetic
The somatic nervous system branched off to: (2) CORRECT ANSWER motor and sensory
List the basic structural features of the neuron (4) CORRECT ANSWER Soma (cell body; perikaryon)
Dendrites (receiving end)
Axon ( transmitting end)
Axon terminals (presynaptic terminals)
The Soma of the neuron contains the ___________ and most of the __________- CORRECT ANSWER nucleus; cytoplasm
The soma is also called __________ CORRECT ANSWER perikaryon
The soma has features of an active ___________ cell CORRECT ANSWER secretory (has large nucleus with lots of endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi) (T/F) Dendrite are the information receiving end CORRECT ANSWER True
Dendrites extend from the __________ CORRECT ANSWER soma
Axon is the information _______ (receiving/transmitting) end CORRECT ANSWER transmitting
What is the axon hillock? CORRECT ANSWER It's the initial segment of axon as it leaves the soma
Along which structural feature on the neuron is the action potential conducted? CORRECT ANSWER axon
Can there be multiple axons on one neuron? CORRECT ANSWER NO; only one axon per neuron
Can there be multiple dendrites on one neuron? CORRECT ANSWER YES; there can be many dendrites
(T/F) axons can be long or short, single or branched, myelinated or not myelinated CORRECT ANSWER True
Axon terminals are also called terminal ______________ CORRECT ANSWER boutons
There is swelling at the axon terminal of the neuron and is filled with ___________ containing ______________- CORRECT ANSWER vesicles; neurotransmitters The axon terminal forms "synaptic contact" with the ___________ region of a second neuron, otherwise known as _______________ CORRECT ANSWER receptive; postsynaptic neuron
It is also possible for the swelling (filled with vesicles) to go beyond the axon terminal and along the length of the axon which gives rise to a beaded appearance. These swellings are called _________ CORRECT ANSWER varicosities
What two synaptic arrangements are the most common? CORRECT ANSWER axo-dendritic and axo-somatic
The first step to chemical neurotransmission, the _____________ arrives at the axon/presynaptic terminal CORRECT ANSWER action potential
After the axon potential arrives at the axon terminal, the axon/presynaptic terminal membrane is _____________ CORRECT ANSWER depolarized
After the axon/presynaptic terminal membrane is depolarized, there's an influx of _________ into the terminal via voltage-gated __________ channels CORRECT ANSWER Ca2+ (for both)
After there is an influx of Ca2+ into the axon/presynaptic terminal, there is fusion of __________ with the terminal membrane CORRECT ANSWER vesicles
After the vesicles fuse with the axon/presynaptic terminal membrane, there is extrusion of the vesicle contents, otherwise known as __________ CORRECT ANSWER exocytosis After the contents of the vesicles are released from the axon terminal, the released transmitters bind to postsynaptic __________ CORRECT ANSWER receptors
After the transmitters bind to the postsynaptic receptors, chemically-gated ___________ channels are opened CORRECT ANSWER ion
After the chemically-gated ion channels are opened, there is a change in the membrane _______________. CORRECT ANSWER potential
If the Na+ channels are opened on the postsynaptic membrane, the membrane potential is __________ and there is _______________ (EPSP/IPSP) CORRECT ANSWER depolarized; EPSP (= excitatory postsynaptic potential)
If the K+ or Cl- channels are opened on the postsynaptic membrane, the membrane
potential is _________ and there is (EPSP/IPSP) CORRECT ANSWER hyperpolarized; IPSP (= inhibitory postsynaptic potential)
After there is a change in the membrane potential, there is termination of the transmitter action by _______ into the presynaptic terminal or by enzymatic __________ or both CORRECT ANSWER re-uptake; degradation
There are two superfamilies of neurotransmitter receptors CORRECT ANSWER ligand-gated ion channel receptors and G protein-coupled receptors
For ligand-gated ion channel receptors, for SOME transmitters, the receptor is itself an _________ which is stimulated to open when the transmitter binds to its recognition site CORRECT ANSWER ion channel
For ligand-gated ion channel receptors, transmitters directly _________ activates flow of specific ions through the channel CORRECT ANSWER activates
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