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PDHPE Sports Medicine questions with correct answers.
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PDHPE Sports Medicine questions with correct answers.
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PDHPE Sports Medicine questions with correctanswers
Direct injury Correct Answer-Results from an external source and occurs at the site
of contact e.g. cricket ball hits athletes leg leaving a contusion
indirect injury Correct Answer-Results from an internal force and is away from site
of contact e.g. pulling hamstring during 100m sprint
Overuse injury Correct Answer-Results from repeated stress without enough rest for the body to heal
Soft tissue injuries Correct Answer-Injuries to tissues that connect, support or surround bone structures and organs e.g. strained hamstring, contusion, sprained ankle
Hard tissue injuries Correct Answer-Hard tissue injuries occur to bone and teeth e.g. fractured radius, dislocated hip or tooth falling out
Tears (strains) Correct Answer-Tear in the muscle fibres (pulled muscles) normally
cause by poor technique or overtraining
Grade 1 - minor tear to muscle, out of play 1-2 weeks
Grade 2 - much larger tear, 50% or more torn, 4-6 weeks out of play
Grade 3 - Complete tear, surgery is needed to join muscle back together, 6+weeks
Avulsion - removed from point of origin Sprains Correct Answer-Tear/damage that occurs to a ligament, cartilage or joint structure
Caused by an external force being transferred through the body e.g. stepping into a hole may cause ankle to roll
Contusion (bruise) Correct Answer-- capillaries are ruptured causing internal bleeding
- caused by an external force upon soft tissue that results in capillaries bleeding
Skin injuries Correct Answer-Abrasion - graze, scraping away at skin e.g. grazed knee from slide tackle in soccer
Laceration - Deep cut/tear to skin resulting from contact with sharp object e.g. ice hockey player gets hit with stick which cuts skin open
Blisters - Caused by friction or burning that leads to build up of fluid under skin e.g. rubbing or basketball shoes
Management - sterilise/clean area with antiseptic - if bleeding heavily - PERR
- Cover with suitable dressing or padding
Inflammatory response Correct Answer-Phase 1 - inflammatory stage Redness, heat, swelling, pain
Phase 2 - proliferation/repair phase (3 days - 6 weeks) Eliminate debris Form new fibres
Produce scar tissue
Phase 3 - remodelling phase (6 weeks - months)
Dependent on amount of exercise and rehab
Aim to regain full function
Development of scar tissue, needs to regain strength in the direction that force is applied
Why does the inflammatory response occur Correct Answer-Start of recovery for all injuries in the body, first phase of wound healing
Part of the innate immune response to clear cellular debris and allow WBCs to clear any infection Limits tissue/cell damage
Must be managed - RICER
RICER Correct Answer-Rest: Remove athlete from play, keep area still, reduce HR and blood pressure to promote clotting, limit movement for a few days,
helps to prevent further damage from occurring, ensures inflammatory response is not stimulated again
Ice - promote vasoconstriction which manages inflammatory response
Apply ice packs at injury site 20mins/hour until response is managed
Decrease swelling and pain
Breaks allow for waste to be removed and new nutrients delivered for repair Compression - to manage blood flow to the area by causing pressure difference from force applied outside of body which reduces inflammation
wear compression garment around skin of injured area, check circulation every 15-
20 mins
Elevation - to manage blood flow by making the heart pump blood to injured area against gravity raise the affected body part above the heart Referral - ensure the athlete's wellbeing is maximised and the injury is diagnosed and treated
athlete to see medical practitioner for scans, diagnosis and rehab
Fractures Correct Answer-Closed - remains inside the body
Open - broken bone pierces the skin
Compound fracture - more than one issue e.g. broken bone and bleeding
Complicated - bone causes further damage to major nerves, organs or blood vessels
Complete - clean break through bone, 2 parts
Comminuted fracture - more than 2 parts, multiple fractures
Incomplete fracture - does not break whole way through bone
Dislocations Correct Answer-bone is removed from joint structure
may cause tearing of muscles, ligaments and tendons that support joint
abnormal separation in a joint between 2 bones
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