Leukocyten : aanwezig in perifeer bloed -> neutrofielen, eosinofielen, basofielen, monocyten,
lymfocyten onderdeel van lymfocyten
Stamcellen:
Oorsprong: antenataal: dooierzak; postnataal: beenmerg
Omni- of pluripotent + zelf-regenererend belangrijk bij regeneratieve geneeskunde
Merker = CD34+!! human progenitor cell antigen 1 (HPCA-1)
Macrofagen/monocyten
Oorsprong: stamcel -> CMP -> promonocyte -> monocyt -> macrofaag (weefselspecifiek)
BW: histiocyten
Lever: küpffer cellen
Longen: alveolaire macrofagen
Lymfeklieren en milt: sinusoïdale cellen
Nier: mesengiale cellen
Beenderen: osteoclasten
Zenuwweefsel: microglia
Sereuse holten: peritoneale en pleurale macrofagen
24u-48u in bloed -> naar weefsels
CD14 = celmembraankenmerk monocyten -> anti-CD14 toevoegen aan bloedstraal -> alle
CD14 gaan oplichten -> gramnegatieve bacteriën herkennen
MHC1 en MHC2: antigeenpresentatie
Functies:
Fagocytose/cellyse (vertering)/herstel: pathogeen vernietigen op 2 manieren:
- PAMP door PRR -> CD14
- Opsonisatie via opsonine receptoren optimaliseren van fagocytose:
pathogeen wordt beter herkend
Opsonine receptoren aangeboren IS: complement en CRP (stof dat gemeten
wordt in bloed bij inflammatie, verhoogde CRP = inflammatie)
Opsonine receptoren verworven IS: antilichamen
Cellyse: potentialisatie fagocytose door interactie met andere cellen van het immuunsysteem
vb. interferon gamma (=cytokine die fagocytose activeert) geproduceerd door NK cellen
(aangeboren) en Th effectorcellen (verworven)
Antigeenpresenterende cellen: MHC2
Inductie ontsteking: degranuleren, stoffen vrijgeven -> remmende/dodende werking
- Fagocyten bevatten granulen -> humorale factoren worden vrijgezet na
fagocytose + synthese pro-inflammatoire cytokines -> lokale en systemische
inflammatie
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