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Summary Russia: Economy
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Stolypin Stolypin’s Agricultural Reforms – Stolypin’s reforms + intended impact Aristocratic background, reputation as strict 1906 issues with agriculture
enforcement of the law
As Governor of Saratov province, kept
control of 1902 peasant disturbances with Poor financial situation of the peasants:
efficient police force Redemption payments kept majority of peasants in debt
Nicholas appointed Stolypin as minister for which combined with heavy indirect taxation meant
internal affairs + PM in July 1906 many were unable to purchase own land.
As PM, behind dissolution of first two Dumas
+ change to electoral laws
Lack of Private ownership of land: Peasants, not
Played important role in repression following
being permanent holders of land, still subject to control
1905 revolution, 1906 established court-
by the mir. Thus unable to consolidate land + often
martials led my senior military officers to
farmed collection of scattered strips around village,
deal with political crimes
making it challenging to modernise methods or farm on
Cases dealt very quickly, accused not
large scale.
allowed legal assistance, trial no longer than
two days + death sentences carried out in
under 24 hours Inefficient methods of farming: Due to their lack of
Over 3k executed by court system between consolidates land + poor financial situation, peasants
1906-09 unable to modernise methods significantly. The solcha
Hangman’s noose became known as (wooden plough) still used + three-course crop rotation
‘Stolypin’s necktie’ system still dominant.
Stolypin combined repression with radical
programme of reform, believing ‘carrot and
stick’ approach best way to overcome Inequality within peasantry: While majority of
revolutionaries peasants suffered from issues above, some Kulaks
Main focus reform was Kulaks, who Stolypin emerged as a result of greater freedoms from
believed could act as bulwark against Emancipation. However, only increased inequality + so
revolution if Tsar could maintain their tension in countryside, as poorer peasants grew
support resentful of richer kulaks.
Their prosperity would in turn improve
agriculture + wealth would be spent on
consumer goods stimulating industry.
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