PCN-107 Midterm
3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ANSConscious: thoughts you are currently aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
3 parts of Freud's structural model - ANSThe Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of the
personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure
principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside
world. Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old.
Absorbs the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
Defense Mechanisms - ANSunconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by
concealing its source from themselves and others
Types of defense mechanisms - ANS1. Repression: pushing the undesirable unconscious
material out of the conscious thought
2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be
socially rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in
the self
4 stages of psychosexual development - ANSoral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
Oral stage - ANSdeals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of
loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from
deprivation of oral gratification in infancy
Anal stage - ANSdeals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the
denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental
discipline patterns and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality
development
, Phallic stage - ANSdeals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings,
and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how
parents respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on
sexual attitudes and feelings that child develops
Latency stage - ANSsexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports,
and a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and forms
relationships with others.
Transference - ANSthe client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and
fantasies, both positive and negative, that are reactions to significant others in the client's
past
Countertransference - ANSviewed as a phenomenon that occurs when there is inappropriate
affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity in a
relationship because their own conflicts are triggered
Free Association - ANSclients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of
how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, or irrelevant it may seem
Resistance - ANSanything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client
from producing previously unconscious material, or the client's reluctance to bring to the
surface of awareness unconscious material that has been repressed
Dream Analysis: Freud - ANSLatent content: hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives,
wishes, and fears
Manifest content: the dream as it appears to the dreamer
Parapraxes - ANSexploration of jokes, errors of speech, slips of the tongue, or other subtle
behaviors that reveal unconscious content; "Freudian slips"
Primary differences between psychoanalytic, analytic and individual therapy - ANSall had a
different theory of biological influences; Freud: biological and instinctual drives; Jung: no
biological influences, no blank slate, and not capable of free choice; Adler: past events
influence one's behavior.
Freud was the only one who focused on the psychosexual stages.
Psychodynamic strengths and weaknesses - ANSstrengths: focused on the effects that
childhood experiences have on the developing personality, takes both nature and nurture
into account
weaknesses: the assumptions can not be scientifically measured or proved wrong,
deterministic; suggests that behavior is predetermined and people do not have free will.
Personal unconscious - ANSall of our repressed thoughts and behaviors that we have
experienced but don't remember
Collective unconscious - ANSuniversal primordial images called archetypes which provide
prototypes of ways of being in the world
3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ANSConscious: thoughts you are currently aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
3 parts of Freud's structural model - ANSThe Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of the
personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure
principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside
world. Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old.
Absorbs the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
Defense Mechanisms - ANSunconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by
concealing its source from themselves and others
Types of defense mechanisms - ANS1. Repression: pushing the undesirable unconscious
material out of the conscious thought
2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be
socially rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in
the self
4 stages of psychosexual development - ANSoral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
Oral stage - ANSdeals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of
loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from
deprivation of oral gratification in infancy
Anal stage - ANSdeals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the
denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental
discipline patterns and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality
development
, Phallic stage - ANSdeals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings,
and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how
parents respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on
sexual attitudes and feelings that child develops
Latency stage - ANSsexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports,
and a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and forms
relationships with others.
Transference - ANSthe client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and
fantasies, both positive and negative, that are reactions to significant others in the client's
past
Countertransference - ANSviewed as a phenomenon that occurs when there is inappropriate
affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity in a
relationship because their own conflicts are triggered
Free Association - ANSclients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of
how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, or irrelevant it may seem
Resistance - ANSanything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client
from producing previously unconscious material, or the client's reluctance to bring to the
surface of awareness unconscious material that has been repressed
Dream Analysis: Freud - ANSLatent content: hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives,
wishes, and fears
Manifest content: the dream as it appears to the dreamer
Parapraxes - ANSexploration of jokes, errors of speech, slips of the tongue, or other subtle
behaviors that reveal unconscious content; "Freudian slips"
Primary differences between psychoanalytic, analytic and individual therapy - ANSall had a
different theory of biological influences; Freud: biological and instinctual drives; Jung: no
biological influences, no blank slate, and not capable of free choice; Adler: past events
influence one's behavior.
Freud was the only one who focused on the psychosexual stages.
Psychodynamic strengths and weaknesses - ANSstrengths: focused on the effects that
childhood experiences have on the developing personality, takes both nature and nurture
into account
weaknesses: the assumptions can not be scientifically measured or proved wrong,
deterministic; suggests that behavior is predetermined and people do not have free will.
Personal unconscious - ANSall of our repressed thoughts and behaviors that we have
experienced but don't remember
Collective unconscious - ANSuniversal primordial images called archetypes which provide
prototypes of ways of being in the world
