NDAEB exam review 5.10 2024.

NDAEB exam review 5.10 2024. Periodontics is the dental specialty involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues. In a periodontal practice, the dental assistant assists with _______ _________ and __________ _________ and provides ______ _____ _______ to the patient. periodontal charting and periodontal surgeries and provides home care instructions to the patient. Depending on the particular state's dental practice act, the dental assistant also may place and remove periodontal dressings, remove sutures, perform coronal polishes, take impressions for study models, and administer topical fluoride applications. A periodontal examination includes the patient's medical and dental history, radiographic evaluation, examination of the teeth, examination of the oral tissues and supporting structures, and periodontal charting. Periodontal charting includes _______ _____,______,______ ______, _______, and ______ ________. Clinical findings of the periodontal examination are recorded on the ______ _____ pocket readings, furcations, tooth mobility, exudate (pus), and gingival recession. periodontal chart The periodontist reviews the medical history to detect any systemic conditions that may influence periodontal treatment. What are some Systemic diseases? , Lowered resistance makes periodontal disease more severe and more difficult to treat. such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or diabetes, can lower resistance of the tissue to infection. What is the dental history used for? The dental history is used to gather information about conditions that could indicate periodontal disease What conditions could indicate periodontal disease? patients with periodontal disease often complain of bleeding gums, loose teeth, or a bad taste. They may describe a dull pain after eating or a burning sensation in the gingival tissue Dental Examination what is included teeth mobility Oral Tissues and Supporting Structures examination Periodontal Probing Bleeding Index Occlusal Adjustment Radiographic Analysis Tooth Mobility detected with the blunt ends of two instruments. excessive mobility can be an important sign of periodontal disease examination of _____ _____ and ______ ________ includes an assessment of amounts of plaque and calculus, changes in gingival health and bleeding, and level of bone, as well as detection of periodontal pockets Oral Tissues and Supporting Structures Periodontal probing A normal sulcus measures 3 mm or less The purpose of periodontal probing is to measure how much epithelial attachment has been lost to disease. The greater the depth of the periodontal pocket, the greater is the loss of epithelial attachment and bone, and therefore, the more severe is the periodontal disease A periodontal pocket occurs when disease causes the gingival sulcus to become deeper than normal. which one (A or B) shows a periodontal pocket? Dental Conditions That Contribute to Periodontal Disease Pathologic migration Clenching or grinding Defective restorations or bridgework Mobility Occlusal interferences A shift in the position of the teeth is caused by loss of periodontal support. Pathologic migration places excessive biting forces on the teeth and may accelerate bone loss. Clenching or grinding (bruxism) may retain plaque and increase the risk of periodontal disease Defective restorations or bridgework is recorded with the following scale: 0, normal; 1, slight mobility; 2, moderate mobility; 3, extreme mobility. Mobility Certain tooth areas can prevent the teeth from occluding properly. do not directly cause periodontal disease but can contribute to mobility, migration, and temporomandibular joint pain. Occlusal interferences What is the primary cause of gingival inflammation and most other forms of periodontal disease. Plaque is hard mineralized plaque. may be supragingival (above the gingivae) or subgingival (below the gingivae). adheres to the surfaces of natural teeth, crowns, bridges, and dentures. is a contributing factor in periodontal disease because it is always covered with plaque. Calculus may recede, leaving portions of the roots of the teeth exposed below the cementoenamel junction. levels can be visualized on the chart by drawing a dotted or colored line to indicate the gingival margin Gingival recession Severity of gingival inflammation is measured by the amount of bleeding observed during probing. Several different indices are used to measure bleeding. Each system is based on the principle that healthy gingivae do not bleed. Bleeding index What are the early signs of periodontal disease • Changes in the gingiva (color, size, shape, texture) • Gingival inflammation • Gingival bleeding • Evidence of exudates • Development of periodontal pockets . How many probing depths are taken for each tooth? Six B, Buccal; DB, distobuccal; DL, distolingual; L, lingual; MB, mesiobuccal; ML, mesiolingual. In the radiograph indicate what A,B,C,D Vertical bone defect. Crestal ridge at near-normal height. Alveolar crest. Severe vertical defect a, Vertical bone defect. b, Crestal ridge at near-normal height. c, Alveolar crest. d, Severe vertical defect. The operator of an ultrasonic scaler should have the dental assistant use the _____ ____ _____ to minimize aerosol contamination. high-volume evacuator (HVE) Indications for use of an ultrasonic scaler include the following: •Removal of supragingival calculus and difficult stains •Removal of subgingival calculus, attached plaque, and endotoxins from the root surface •Cleaning of furcation areas •Removal of deposits before periodontal surgery •Removal of orthodontic cements, or debonding •Removal of overhanging margins of restorations Contraindications to use of the ultrasonic scaler include the following general health considerations: •Communicable disease. •Patients susceptible to infection.. •Respiratory problems. •Swallowing difficulty. •Cardiac pacemaker. •Communicable disease Patients with a known communicable disease, such as tuberculosis, can transmit contaminated aerosols. It is important to use an HVE to remove these aerosols. .•Patients susceptible to infection Medically compromised patients, such as those receiving chemotherapy or with HIV infection, uncontrolled diabetes, debilitation, or organ transplants, are more susceptible to infection. .•Respiratory problems. Materials can be aspirated into the lungs of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, including asthma or other breathing problems, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis. •Swallowing difficulty. Patients with muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may have swallowing problems or may have a severe gag reflex. The water flow and spray can be very uncomfortable for some patients.