NUR 242 Oncology Exam 2024 /123 Complete Questions And Answers Rated (A+).

NUR 242 Oncology Exam 2024 /123 Complete Questions And Answers Rated (A+). Quiz :dysplasia vs neoplasia - Answer :-dysplasia: reversible -neoplasia: irreversible/cancer Quiz :Cell cycle: - Answer :G0 = resting state G1 (Gap 1) S-phase (synthesis) G2 (Gap 2) M (Mitosis) = two identical daughter cells *G1-G2 "interphase" = chromosomes copied Quiz :tumor suppressor genes... - Answer :prevent cells from going through the cell cycle but mutations can make them inactive Ex. BRCA 1 Quiz :Development of cancer: - Answer :1. Initiation- Mutation of DNA (mostly acquired) 2. Promotion- promoters (obesity, fat, alcohol, smoking) 3. Progression- growth (tumor angiogenesis), invasiveness, metastasis Quiz :Carcinogens - Answer :Enter nucleus and damage DNA 1. Benzene, Arsenic, formaldehyde, asbestos 2. Radiation 3. Viral (HBV, HCV, HPV, H Pylori) 4. Obesity 5. Smoking 6. alcohol 7. dietary fat Quiz :Latent period: Size to be picked up on MRi - Answer :1. time btw initial genetic alteration to clinical evidence; 1 to 40 yrs 2. 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm to be palpable Quiz :What is skip metastasis? - Answer :tumor cells travel to distant nodes Quiz :Immune system role: - Answer :1. Lymphocytes cont. check cells for tumor associated antigens and destroy them NUR 242 Oncology Exam 2024 /123 Complete Questions And Answers Rated (A+) Quiz :Immunologic escape: How? (6) - Answer :1. suppress factors that stimulate T cells 2. Weak surface antigens allow them to sneak through 3. immune system develops tolerance to some tumor antigens 4. cancer cells suppress immune system by products they secrete 5. induction of suppressor T cells 6. blocking antibodies from binding TAAs, preventing recognition Quiz :Oncofetal antigens... - Answer :Found in/on tumor cells, as a result as cell regains its embryonic capability ex. PSA Quiz :Main difference btw Benign vs. malignant neoplasms - Answer :Malignant cells invade and metastasize Quiz :How is cancer classified? (3) - Answer :1. Anatomic site 2. Histology/grading 3. Extent/Staging Quiz :Anatomic site classification 1. identified by? 2. Carcinomas? 3. Sarcomas? 4. Lymphomas/leukemias? - Answer :1. tissue of origin 2. ectoderm (skin and glands) and endoderm (mucous membranes) 3. mesoderm (CT, muscle, bone, fat) 4. Hematopoietic system Quiz :Histologic classification of cancer: 1. based on? 2. Grade 1 3. Grade 2 4. Grade 3 5. Grade 4 - Answer :1. appearance of cells and degree of differentiation 2. well differentiated 3. mod. differentiated 4. poorly differentiated 5. undifferentiated/immature/primitive Quiz :Extent of disease classification: 1. based on what 3 parameters? 2. Tis/O 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3 6. 4 7. X - Answer :1. Tumor size/invasiveness, Node lymph spread, Metastasis 2. in situ; only superficial (not invasie) 3. localized origin 4. local spread 5. local & regional spread 6. metastasis 7. cannot be measured Quiz :T or F: once stage classification is made, it cannot be changed - Answer :True (but may be restaged) Quiz :Cancer: Assessments (13) - Answer :1. Fatigue, fever 2. wt loss, vomiting 3. pain (HA, bone pain) 4. mass 5. pallor, purpura, whitish reflex of eyes 6. lymphadenopathy 7. changes in bowel or bladder habits 8. A sore that doesn't heal 9. unusual bleeding or discharge from orifices 10. Thickening/lump 11. Indigestion/dysphagia 12. obvious changes in wart/monitor, walking/coordination 13. Nagging cough/hoarseness.