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Summary Grade 6 Geography STUDY GUIDE
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Summary of 70 pages for the course Geography at 7th Grade (this will help you)
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, 2Lines of Latitude
Lines of latitude: These are imaginary lines, on a map, that show the distance, in
degrees, measured from the equator to the poles. The lines of latitude run across the
map, horizontally.
DID YOU KNOW?
Lines of latitude each show ONE degree. The length between two degrees of latitude is
111km. For example, the distance between 21o latitude and 22o latitude is 111km.
In Grade 5 you learnt that the equator is an imaginary line. This
line is not found on the earth. This line can only be found on
maps. The equator is a line of latitude. It divides the world
into two equal parts. The equator line is drawn from west to
east (left to right); across the map. If you move north from the
equator you will get to the top of the earth. The top of the earth
is called the North Pole. If you move south from the equator
you will get to the bottom of the earth. This is called the South
Pole.
A degree of latitude is a measurement of distance over the earth’s surface, from north to
south. This starts at the equator with zero (0) and ends at the North Pole when you move
up towards the South Pole when you move downwards on the map. The symbol for
degrees is o. The equator is found at 0o latitude.
• There are 90o of latitude between the equator and the North Pole.
The North Pole is 90oN (Ninety degrees north of the equator).
GM 2018
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• There are 90o of latitude between the equator and the South Pole.
The South Pole is 90oS (Ninety degrees south of the equator).
• There are 23.5o of latitude between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer.
The Tropic of Cancer is 23.5oN (Twenty three and a half degrees north of the equator).
• There are 23.5o of latitude between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn.
The Tropic of Capricorn is 23.5oS (Twenty three and a half degrees south of the
equator).
Lines of latitude
Lines of Longitude
Lines of longitude are also imaginary lines but they are drawn from top to bottom across
the earth, from north to south on a map.
Lines of longitude
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There are two lines of longitude that have names. One is the Greenwich Meridian which
is found at 0o longitude. It is the equivalent of the equator but from top to bottom instead
from left to right. At 180o longitude we find the second named line of longitude - the
International Date Line. Between the Greenwich Meridian and the International Date
Line there are 180 degrees of longitude. The International Date Line is not a straight line.
The reason is because it does not pass through any land or country, so it has to ‘miss’
them.
Lines of longitude
The hemispheres of The Earth
The equator divides the earth into two equal halves. The top half is called the Northern
Hemisphere 1 and the bottom half, the Southern Hemisphere.
The Greenwich Meridian also divides the earth into a left and a right side, or rather into a
west side and an east side. The Greenwich Meridian divides the earth into a western
hemisphere and an eastern hemisphere.
So the Equator, at 0o latitude, divides the earth into the northern and southern
Hemispheres, while Greenwich Meridian, at 0o longitude, divides the earth into the western
and the eastern hemispheres.
NEW WORDS
Greenwich Meridian: This is a line of longitude on a map found at 0o and runs north to
south from the North Pole to the South Pole.
International Date Line: This is a line of longitude on a map found at 180o and runs
north to south from the North Pole to the South Pole.
1 Hemisphere (say: hem-ee-sfeer) - Hemi means half. Sphere means circle or round shape.
GM 2018
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