duidelijke samenvatting beleid waarmee ik 18/20 heb gehaald
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Course
Beleidswetenschap
Institution
Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
De samenvatting bevat alle informatie uit de slides en hierbij ook vaak toelichtende voorbeelden en uitleg omdat de lessen soms nogal snel gaan om het via de ppt te begrijpen. Dus als je zelf geen zin hebt om de uitleg op te zoeken of erbij te typen raad ik het zeker aan om deze te kopen :)
BELEIDSWETENSCHAP
Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is beleid(swetenschap)?.....................................................................................................................5
1.1 Geschiedenis van het woord ‘beleid’.....................................................................................................................5
1.2 Nood aan overheidsbeleid.....................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Wat is beleid?........................................................................................................................................................9
1.4 Geschiedenis van de beleidswetenschap............................................................................................................10
1.5 Wat is beleidswetenschap?.................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 2: De beleidsinhoud.....................................................................................................................................12
2.1 Typologie van problemen....................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Onderdelen van beleid........................................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Beleidsdoeleinden........................................................................................................................................13
2.2.2 Beleidsmiddelen...........................................................................................................................................14
2.2.3 Tijdskeuzes....................................................................................................................................................14
2.3 Structuur van beleid............................................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: De beleidscontext....................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Een voorbeeld: de dioxinecrisis...........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Algemeen kader...................................................................................................................................................15
3.3 De meervoudige context van beleid....................................................................................................................15
3.3.1 Geografische context....................................................................................................................................16
3.3.2 Sociaal-culturele context..............................................................................................................................16
3.3.3 Economische context....................................................................................................................................16
3.3.4 Technologische context (niet zo heel belangrijk)..........................................................................................17
3.3.5 Juridische context.........................................................................................................................................17
3.3.6 Historische context.......................................................................................................................................17
3.3.7 Politieke context...........................................................................................................................................17
3.3.8 Situationele context......................................................................................................................................18
3.4 Overzicht.............................................................................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 4: De beleidsactoren....................................................................................................................................19
4.1 Definitie van een beleidsactor.............................................................................................................................19
4.2 Individuele en samengestelde actoren................................................................................................................19
4.2.1 Verzameling actoren.....................................................................................................................................20
4.2.2 Samengestelde actoren................................................................................................................................20
4.3 Belangrijke actoren in het beleidsproces.............................................................................................................22
4.3.1 Burgers.........................................................................................................................................................22
4.3.2 Wetgevende en uitvoerende macht.............................................................................................................23
4.3.3 Politieke partijen...........................................................................................................................................23
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, 4.3.4 Pressiegroepen.............................................................................................................................................23
4.3.5 Massamedia..................................................................................................................................................24
4.3.6 Bureaucratie.................................................................................................................................................25
4.3.7 Externe adviseurs.........................................................................................................................................25
4.4 Beleidsarena’s......................................................................................................................................................25
4.4.1 Constellaties van actoren (Game theory).....................................................................................................26
4.4.2 Bekende constellaties...................................................................................................................................27
4.4.3 Actorconstellaties en de realiteit..................................................................................................................27
4.4.4 Wijze van interactie......................................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 5: Het beleidsproces....................................................................................................................................29
5.1 Definitie en onderdelen van het beleidsproces...................................................................................................29
5.2 Fase 1: Agendasetting..........................................................................................................................................29
5.2.1 Inleiding en definitie.....................................................................................................................................29
5.2.2 Vier modellen van agendasetting.................................................................................................................29
5.3 Fase 2: Beleidsvoorbereiding...............................................................................................................................32
5.4 Fase 3: Beleidsbepaling.......................................................................................................................................35
5.5 Fase 4: De uitvoering van overheidsbeleid..........................................................................................................37
5.6 Fase 5: De naleving en handhaving van beleid....................................................................................................40
5.7 Fase 6: Evaluatie van beleid.................................................................................................................................42
5.8 Besluit.................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Hoofdstuk 6: Normatieve theorieën..............................................................................................................................48
6.1 Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................48
6.2 Rational choice theory.........................................................................................................................................48
6.2.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................48
6.2.2 Game theory.................................................................................................................................................49
6.2.3 Principal agent theory...................................................................................................................................50
6.2.4 Evaluatie.......................................................................................................................................................51
6.3 Public choice theory............................................................................................................................................51
6.3.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................51
6.3.2 Elementen....................................................................................................................................................52
6.3.3 Oplossingen..................................................................................................................................................53
6.3.4 Evaluatie.......................................................................................................................................................53
Hoofdstuk 7: Descriptieve theorieën.............................................................................................................................54
7.1 Inleiding: van normatief naar descriptief.............................................................................................................54
7.2 Bounded rationality.............................................................................................................................................54
7.2.1 Startpunt.......................................................................................................................................................54
7.2.2 Substantial en procedural rationality............................................................................................................54
7.2.3 Statisfycing search........................................................................................................................................55
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, 7.2.4 Beperkingen van de rationaliteit..................................................................................................................55
7.2.5 Toepassingen................................................................................................................................................56
7.2.6 Kritiek...........................................................................................................................................................56
7.3 Prospect theory...................................................................................................................................................57
7.3.1 Prespect theory: beslissen in onzekere situaties..........................................................................................57
7.3.2 Expected utility theory..................................................................................................................................57
7.3.3 Aanleiding prospect theory..........................................................................................................................57
7.3.4 Prospect theory............................................................................................................................................58
7.3.5 Toepassingen................................................................................................................................................59
7.3.6 Kritiek...........................................................................................................................................................59
7.4 Heuristieken........................................................................................................................................................59
7.4.1 Snel beslissen................................................................................................................................................59
7.4.2 Soorten heuristieken....................................................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 8: Bestuurskundige benaderingen...............................................................................................................62
8.1 Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................62
8.2 Incrementalisme..................................................................................................................................................62
8.2.1 Theorie van het incrementalisme.................................................................................................................62
8.2.2 Toepassing in het beleidsonderzoek.............................................................................................................63
8.2.3 Kritiek op het incrementalisme.....................................................................................................................63
8.3 Mixed scanning....................................................................................................................................................63
8.3.1 Theorie van mixed scanning.........................................................................................................................64
8.3.2 Toepassing van mixed scanning....................................................................................................................65
8.4 Garbage can.........................................................................................................................................................65
8.4.1 Theorie van de garbage can-benadering......................................................................................................65
8.4.2 Toepassing van de garbage can-benadering.................................................................................................66
8.4.3 Kritiek op de garbage can-benadering..........................................................................................................66
Hoofdstuk 9: Politieke theorieën...................................................................................................................................67
9.1 Het politieke arenamodel....................................................................................................................................67
9.2 Essence of decision..............................................................................................................................................67
9.2.1 Model 1: Rational Actor Model.....................................................................................................................68
9.2.2 Model 2: Organizational Behavior Model.....................................................................................................69
9.2.3 Model 3: Governmental Politics Model........................................................................................................69
9.3 Nieuw institutionalisme.......................................................................................................................................70
9.4 Netwerktheorieën...............................................................................................................................................72
9.4.1 Definities en centrale concepten..................................................................................................................72
9.4.2 ‘from governement to governance’..............................................................................................................73
9.4.3 Gedrag en relaties binnen netwerken..........................................................................................................73
9.5 Poliheuristic theory..............................................................................................................................................74
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