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Lecture notes Computer Fundamentals
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CPU processors and information on computer processors
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Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..Task 1. Explain Computer processor characteristics:
CPU Lithography - Lithography refers to the semiconductor technology used to manufacture
an integrated circuit, and is reported in nanometre (nm), indicative of the size of features
built on the semiconductor.
Cores and number of Cores – Cores is a hardware that describes the number of independent
CPUs in a computing component.
Threads and number of Threads – a sequence of instructions given to the CPU by a program or
application.
Hyper-Threading Technology – allows multiple threads to run on each core.
Efficient-core Base Frequency – smaller with multiple cores fitting into the physical space of
one P-core.
Performance-core Base Frequency – the frequency at which the CPU runs when the system is
idle.
Max Turbo Frequency – The frequency a CPU targets when stressed by a demanding
application.
Processor Base Power – measurement of the average level of heat generated during high-
complexity workloads while the CPU is running at the base frequency.
Maximum Turbo Power – the amount of heat generated maximum frequencies over long
periods of time.
Max Memory Size – This is known as RAM, they can vary from 1MB 1GB, ITB depending on the
type of computer.
Memory Types – there are typically two types of computer memory these can be primary and
secondary.
Max Memory Bandwidth – To calculate the memory bandwidth it is required that the type of
storage is considered along with the number of data transfers. These are usually in GB/s or
DDR2.
ECC Memory Supported – ECC memory targets enterprise-grade workloads, most consumer PC
motherboards either won’t support ECC RAM or will run it without its ECC function.
Processor Graphics – provides the graphics and media for the processors
Task 2. Processors’ performance. Please explain: -
Benefits of CPU Lithography size reduction. – improves performance and reduce costs. Size
and energy consumption are decreased.
Max Memory Size and what determines Max Memory Size. – 16-BITS, 36-BITS
Sockets Supported and socket role for system compatibility. – CPU sockets are used on the
motherboard in desktop because they allow easy swapping of components.
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