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ANTHRO 1 Final Exam (Fox UCLA) – Questions & Detailed Answers
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ANTHRO 1 Final Exam (Fox UCLA) – Questions &Detailed Answers
Suborders of primates Correct Ans - 1. Strepsirhini
2. Haplorhini
Infraorders of strepsirrhini (2 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Lemuriformes
2. Lorisiformes
Infraorders of haplorrhini (3 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Tarsiiformes
2. Platyrrhini
3. Catarrhini
The term "anthropoids" includes which groups? Correct Ans -
Platyrrhini and catarrhini
Superfamilies of catarrhini (2 answers) Correct Ans - 1.
Cercopithecoidea/Old World Monkeys
2. Hominoidea/Apes&Humans
Superfamily of platyrrhini Correct Ans - Ceboidea/New World
Monkeys
Characteristics of strepsirrhini (6 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Mostly
nocturnal
2. Wet noses
3. Acute sense of smell
4. Solitary
5. Dental comb
6. Reflective layer on back of eye
Characteristics of haplorrhini (5 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Diurnal
2. Dry noses
3. Larger brains than strepsirrhines
4. Complex sociality
5. Eyes enclosed in bone, forward facing
,General characteristics of primates (6 answers) Correct Ans - 1.
Grasping hands and feet, opposable thumbs
2. Large brains relative to body
3. Better vision than sense of smell
4. Long lifespans and slow growth
5. Small litters
6. Complex social groups
Key characteristics of platyrrhines (habitat, locomotion, geography, dental
formula) (4 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Arboreal
2. Quadrupedal
3. Live in South/Central America
4. 2-1-3-3 dental formula
Key characteristics of catarrhines (habitat, dental formula, geography) (3
answers) Correct Ans - 1. Arboreal and terrestrial
2. 2-1-2-3 dental formula (mostly)
3. Live in Asia and Africa
Families of hominoidea Correct Ans - 1. Hylobatids/Lesser Apes
2. Hominids/Great Apes
Key characteristics of hylobatids (geography, habitat, mating, familial) (4
answers) Correct Ans - 1. Live in Asia
2. Arboreal, long swinging arms
3. Pair-bonded
4. Male parental care
Key characteristics of hominid genus pongo (name, geography, habitat, size,
sexual selection) (5 answers) Correct Ans - 1. Orangutans
2. Live in Southeast Asia
3. Arboreal
4. Very large
5. Intense male-male competition
Key characteristics of hominid genus gorilla (2 geography, sociality, size) (4
answers) Correct Ans - 1. Live in Central Africa
2. Divided into Western and Eastern gorillas
3. Tend to live in one-male multifemale groups
, 4. Largest of the hominoids
What are the four types of primate diets? Correct Ans - 1. Frugivore
2. Insectivore
3. Folivore
4. Gummivore
What are the benefits of territoriality? (2 answers) Correct Ans - 1.
Protects limited resources
2. Reduces conflict and competition once territory is established
What are the drawbacks of territoriality? (2 answers) Correct Ans - 1.
Energy cost of defending territory
2. Risk of violent interactions with intruders
Define cooperative breeding Correct Ans - One or few females breed,
the other group members help raise the offspring
What is the difference between intersexual and intrasexual selection?
Correct Ans - Intrasexual selection involves male-male competition for
access to females. Intersexual selection involves females choosing desirable
males.
Which type of sexual selection is most common in primates? Correct Ans -
Intrasexual selection
What are the three postulates for Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Correct Ans - 1. Struggle for existence
2. Variable fitness
3. Heritability of traits
How can natural selection produce complex adaptations? Correct Ans -
Very slow incremental changes which provide small fitness advantages that
accumulate over thousands of years.
What is the difference between analogous and homologous traits? Correct
Ans - Analogous = similar trait that evolved separately in different species.
Homologous = similar trait that species share due to a common ancestor.
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