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AQA A level psychology notes - relationships
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, Sexual selectionSexual selection
An evolutionary explanation of partner preference. Attributes or behaviours
that increase reproductive success are passed on and may become
exaggerated over succeeding generations of offspring’s.
Human reproductive behaviour
This refers to any behaviours which relate to opportunities to reproduce and
thereby increased the survival chances of our genes.
Anisogamy
Refers to the differences between male and female sex cells.
Buss found that female respondents placed greater value on resource related
characteristics, such as good financial prospects and ambition. Males valued
reproductive capacity in terms of good looks and chastity.
Intra-sexual selection
This refers to the competition between males within their sex to be able to
mate with a female.
Inter-sexual selection
This is when females make mate choices based on a specific characteristic in
the opposite sex.
Partner preferences over the past century have been influenced by rapidly
changing social norms of sexual behaviour these develop much faster than
evolutionary timescales imply and have instead come about due to cultural
factors such as availability of contraception. Mate preferences are the
outcome of a combination of evolutionary and cultural influences.
Clark and Hatfield conducted a study, they sent out female and male
psychology students were sent out across a university campus. They hit on
people of the opposite gender and asked if they would sleep with them. 75%
of the males said yes, and none of the women agreed. This supports
evolutionary theory because it suggests that females are choosier than males
when it comes to selecting partners and that males have evolved a different
strategy.
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