Fundamentos de la Enseñanza Montessori-Historia y Bibliografía de la dra. María Montessori y su contribución a la ciencia.
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Montessori
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Catholic University Of La Plata (UCALP
)
El documento es un módulo de enseñanza que se centra en los fundamentos de la enseñanza Montessori en el contexto de la educación infantil temprana (ECE, por sus siglas en inglés). Proporciona una serie de objetivos de aprendizaje que los estudiantes deben alcanzar después de completar el mó...
contexto histórico de la educación a temprana edad
fundamentación de su necesidad
breve reseña de la educación a temprana edad ece
el reconocimiento mundial de e
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Modulo 1
Fundamentals of Montessori Teaching:
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Describe the Historical Context of Early Childhood Education (ECE).
Outline the importance of ECE.
Discuss Dr. Maria Montessori, her contributions to ECE and their impacts.
Indicate the theories for child development.
List the observational approaches of Dr. Maria Montessori on child development.
Explain the eight principles of Montessori Teaching presented by Dr. Maria Montessori.
State the notable points of Montessori teaching and the neuroscience of ECE.
Historical Context of Early Childhood Education
(ECE)
Early childhood education (ECE) can be traced back to the 1500s. It is believed that a
variety of early education tools existed even before this period, however during the 1500s it
was established as a specialized subject. This topic discusses the foundation of early childhood
education and the many factors that have made the field what it is today. The famous scholar
and thinker AI Ghazali of the 10th century said:
“A child is a trust (placed by God) in the hands of his parents, and his innocent heart is
a precious element capable of taking impressions.”
Therefore, the primary responsibility of cultivating a child with early education lies with
parents and teachers involved in early childhood education. As the quotation says, children
take impressions from real-life situations. Therefore, the child’s environment has to be
designed in a way that induces creative and innovative capabilities and enhances the learning
and absorption capacity of a child.
Early Childhood Education (ECE)
Children are the most vulnerable part of any society, and they are the ones who
reshape it once they mature. However, they must get quality training and education to play
this pivotal role, especially in their early years. For this purpose, educationists have introduced
numerous programs and courses since the last century. Early Childhood Education (or ECE) is
the most popular along with Montessori education.
What is Early Childhood Education (ECE)?
Early Childhood Education (or ECE) is a collection of various teaching methodologies
that help a child´s education and development. The program focuses on the child´s
development during his early years, which range from the age of three to the age of eight.
Why is ECE important for children?
Providing care, education, and development has always been an integral part of all
human societies. The primary goal of this education has always been the same, i.e., to prepare
,the children for their upcoming years, where they will play an essential role in structuring and
maintaining the societal order.
Early Learning Processes in Children
A child spends the first two years under the guidance of their parents, who also work
as their first teachers. During these two years, the child learns to distinguish between
themselves and others. These two years are also crucial for the child, as they learn to explore
and interact with their surroundings.
Proper guidance and surveillance /səˈveɪləns, -ˈveɪəns/ in these two years of the child´s
life determine the course of their further development. Prompt responses from parents and
their steady relationship with their children help the child interact with their environment
early and efficiently. However, suppose the parents fail to provide their child with quality
guidance and education during this period. In that case, it is likely to cause negative impacts on
further emotional, physical, and intellectual development.
Informal Approaches to Early Childhood Learning Processes in
Children
Although the arrangements to educate and train a child from an early age have always
been present, they mostly remained informal. Back in the day, children who were growing up
usually learned through their parents, grandparents, and other community members.
Nevertheless, as time passed, this structure of early childhood development faced a series of
evolutions. Now, it has become global in its scope and formalized in its nature.
Formalization of ECE: Why was it Necessary?
Pre-industrialization Period
The rapid industrialization and modernization in the 19 th and 20th centuries drastically
changed the way humans lived. For centuries, women have been working inside the homes,
providing care, nourishment, and education to their children. Men, in contrast, used to
perform all the outside chores.
Impact of industrialization
Industrialization has significantly changed the working status of women. Now women
participate in jobs outside the home. Women have the opportunity to pursue a university
degree and join the workforce just like men.
Economic Growth versus Children Development
From an economic perspective, the participation of women in outdoor jobs has been
fruitful. But mothers joining the workforce implies a substantial problem for children. This is
because when these mothers leave for work, there will be no one to look after their children.
This reality can pose many negative impacts on the development of their children.
Formalization of ECE
When mothers are taking part in jobs outside of the home, who will take care of
children? This led to the formalization of early childhood education and created another
domain of employed workforce to facilitate working mothers to help develop their children.
A Brief History of Formalization of Early Childhood Education
The formalization of Early Childhood Education began in the 19 th century, with the
establishment of kindergarten schools throughout Europe, North America, Brazil, Jamaica,
China, Mexico, and India.
, Early Childhood Education in 20th Century, Russia
The first state-sponsored Early Childhood Education programs began from the Russian
Federation. These programs were part of Socialist reforms that intended for the equal
participation of men and women in public life. This led to the development of state-led
nurseries and kindergarten schools throughout the Russian Federation.
Early Childhood Education in 20th Century, France.
The pre-school programs had already started to appear in the French education system
in 1886. However, their visible expansion started in the 1960s, when women began to
participate more in the French Labor Market.
The Global Recognition of Early Childhood Education in the Early
1990s
Although ECE programs had already begun to spread worldwide, the early 1990s saw a
significant shift in this approach. These developments can be presented in two ways:
The Ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC)-
1989
In its 1989 ratification of CRC, the UN formally recognized the following rights of children:
- Right to non-discrimination
- Rights to survival and development
- Rights to be heard and participate in decisions that affect their evolving capacities.
In Article 18, the CRC also recognized the role of parents and legal guardians in their
children’s upbringing. This article also obliged the States to help parents and legal
guardians in executing these duties.
The World Declaration on Education for All-1990
The adoption of Education for All (EFA) took place in Jomtien, Thailand. Through its
Comment 7, the Jomtien Declaration mentioned that learning begins at birth. The declaration
also called for early childhood care and initial education in Article 5.
Both of these global developments provided a significant boost to the ECE programs
while providing them with the attention of major vital stakeholders across the globe.
The Global Recognition of Early Childhood Education in the
Modern Age
The modern age has also impacted the ECE significantly. In 2000, Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) were adopted at the UN Millennium Summit. Among these, the fourth and fifth
MDGs showed a relationship to Early Childhood Education. These MDGs are:
Improvement in maternal health while reducing maternal mortality rates by three-
quarters and providing universal access to reproductive health (MDG-4)
Reduction in mortality rates of children under five by two-thirds between 1990 and
2015.
Today, the ECE is getting more attention from different aspects of society, including civil
societies and intergovernmental organizations. These entities are also conducting research
regarding the benefits of ECE in health, education, social equity, cohesion, and economic
betterment of society.
About Maria Montessori
Dr. Maria Montessori (1870 – 1952) was an Italian doctor, scientist, and educationist.
She was the first Italian woman to receive a medical degree. Trained as a doctor and a
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