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Basics of Anaemia
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Anaemia● Anaemia is said to be present when the haemoglobin levels fall
below the reference range:
- Male: 13.5-18.0 g/L
- Female: 11.5-16.0 g/L
● In all countries that have been surveyed, anaemia is more
prevalent in women than in men.
● And the leading cause is iron deficiency
● In developing countries, other factors can include:
- Climate
- Socio-economic conditions
- Co-existent disease
● Symptoms of anaemia include:
- Shortness of breath
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- Palpitations
- Headaches
Diagnostic Techniques
● Complete blood cell count
● Red cell indices
● Haematocrit:
- Otherwise known as a HCT test
- It's a test for the percentage of red blood cells in your
blood.
- It indicates the volume of packed red blood cells in your
total volume of blood.
, ● Reticulocyte count:
- This is a test that measures the amount of immature red
blood cells in the bloodstream, otherwise known as
reticulocytes.
● Morphology:
- Studies the blood film under a microscope.
- It analyses the shape and form of the blood film, which can
show indicators of whether a patient has anaemia.
● Bone marrow examination
Red Cell Indices
● Mean corpuscular volume (MCV):
- Average volume of the red blood cells
- Expressed in femtoliters (fL)
● Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH):
- Average weight of haemoglobin in a red blood cell
- Expressed in pictograms (pg)
● Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC):
- Average concentration of haemoglobin in a given volume of
packed red blood cells
- Expressed as grams per decilitre (g/dL)
Haematocrit
● Uses a capillary tube and microcentrifugation.
● This separates the cells and plasma into defined layers
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