ASM Final Exam Questions With Correct Answe rs | Graded A+ Roentgen shares part of his academic path with Albert Einstein: they each won entrance to Zurich Polytechnical School by examination. What disqualified both of these scientists from the traditional enrollment path? - ✔✔disobeyed the authority of educators What personal attributes or capabilities enhance Roentgen's chances of his scientific discoveries? - ✔✔- good with his hands - meticulous experimenter - rigid and stubborn, although not lacking imagination or daring - spent endless hours in the lab T or F: Roentgen discovered X -rays on Nov 8, 1895. For the subsequent 6 weeks, he performed a series of experiments to characterize the distance that, and substances through which, X -rays traveled, skipping meals to focus on documenting the novel discovery. His findings were published within 7 weeks and a day by the physical and Medicine Society of Wurzberg. However, it took several years, still, for clinicians to start using the technology. - ✔✔false - xrays were embraced immediately Describe some underlying personal motivations for Sigmund Freud that you read? - ✔✔- His mother adored him and gave him the sense that "he was born to achieve something great" which gave him the confidence to succeed later in life. - His father, on the oth er hand, said the he would "never amount to anything" and Freud still had dreams decades later of proving his father wrong by speaking his accomplishments. How does the work of Freud and Weyer connect? Is there a difference in cultural response between these two time periods? - ✔✔Both Freud and Weyer's work was focused on human's mental state and brain function. Specifically, they both focused on psychiatric problems, such as hysteria, to explain the very real symptoms of mental illness. In Weyer's time, p eople and women specifically were seen as crazy and tortured for their mental condition. In Freud's time though, these problems were legitimized and became proper subjects in medical study. One technique that Freud and colleague Breuer became known for is "catharsis", which refers to the process of "tracing [hysterical symptoms back to their] first appearance and re -experiencing the associated thoughts and feelings" that were experienced the first time. Through catharsis, many clients were able to stop the symptoms from occurring ever again, essentially curing the "hysteria". This process was given a different name by "Anna O.", the first patient who Breuer tried it with. What did she call it? - ✔✔chimney sweeping In one word, what scientific/medical first is attributed to Ivanovsky? The discovery of: - ✔✔viruses In 3-4 sentences, tell the story of how Ivanovsky figured out this innovation. - ✔✔Ivanovsky was analyzing stunted, discolored tobacco plants that he recognized were infected by tobacco mosaic disease. He set out to isolate the microbe that he assumed was causing the disease, but when juice from the infected leaves was put into a filter for bacteria, the agent that spread the disease slipped through the filter which meant the microbe had to be some thing he couldn't see. After reading Beijerink's discoveries that ruled out bacterial spores, toxins, or particles, Ivanovsky believed that the most likely explanation for these filterable viruses was that "the contagium is contained in the sap in the form of solid particles." In 3-4 sentences, give your impression of Ivanovsky as a scientist and as a person. Address a different impression or character trait of Ivanovsky per sentence (no repetition of information between sentences. - ✔✔Ivanovsky seemed lik e he was methodical in the steps of his experiment: recognizing the tobacco disease, pumping the juice through the filter, and used his findings to make assumptions based on what was known in the world of medicine. He also seemed territorial of his finding s: he wrote to claim priority for the discovery that the agent could pass through the filter and criticized Beijerinck's agar experiment. He was also open and imaginative to this new disease -causing agent: it was too small to see with the naked eye and not a known bacteria or toxin that caused the disease. In 3-4 sentences, describe Fleming's "firsts" --his advances and discoveries. - ✔✔His first discovery was that by surgically removing as much dead tissue as possible and flushing the wounds of soldiers wi th sterile saline solution, infection was greatly minimized and the production of white blood cells was stimulated. His second discovery was that droplets of nasal mucus were destroying a yellowish bacterial colony in some contaminated culture plates and i dentified the substance killing the bacteria as a protein called lysozyme. His other discovery was of the powerful broad -spectrum antibacterial substance penicillin, which he came across in his lab when he noticed on a petri dish that the staph colonies cl ose to mold had dissolved. He discovered the mold was secreting something that killed many of the disease -
causing bacteria even as it was diluted, now known as penicillin. In a 3 -4 sentences, describe the cultural and historical context of Fleming's life and work. - ✔✔When World War I broke out, Fleming went to France to treat wounded soldiers where he discovered antisepsis methods were not working for sever wounds of the soldiers. Thousands of soldiers were dying of tetanus, blood poisoning, and gangrene. Flemings approach to surgically remove dead tissue and flush the wound with saline was resisted within the army. His discovery of lysozyme and penicillin were both ignored and dismissed by his colleagues. In 3-4 sentences, talk about your impressions of Fleming as a scientist and a person - ✔✔My impressions were that Fleming was a quiet and modest yet driven and brilliant man who was confident in his remarkable discoveries. He seemed as though he had conflicting personalities as a scientist and as a perso n. As a scientist, he was said to be a leader, always at the top of his class, observant, and experimental. As a person, he was said to be a sports lover, as well as modest, shy, and inscrutable. T or F: Margaret Sanger coined the term "birth control" - ✔✔true - She first used the term in the June 1914 issue of a newspaper she founded: called "The Woman Rebel". T or F: Magaret Sanger created the birth control pill (The Pill). - ✔✔false - Sanger was a leading advocate for birth control. Katherine Dexter Mc Cormick provided the financial backing. Sanger recruited Gregory Pincus and John Rock, experimental scientists, to developed the product. T or F: Sanger, who was a practicing nurse, was jailed for distributing information about birth control to her client s. - ✔✔true - Sanger was sentenced to 30 days in jail for providing information about birth control because it was illegal in her time. The first surgeon to transplant a human heart successfully was: - ✔✔Christaan Barnard The main issue causing organ tra nsplantation failure is - ✔✔rejection These days, in the US alone, organ transplantation occurs for - ✔✔more than 25,000 Americans per year A researcher and a doctor created in vitro fertilization (IVF). Their names were - ✔✔Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe The discovery of IVF was first published in the scientific journal Nature in what year? - ✔✔1969
