Junqueira\\\'s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, Fiifteenth Edition
This document summarizes all the following tissue types: epithelia, glands, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, nerve tissue, glial cells and muscle tissue. The functions, taxonomy and other features are discussed in the summary.
Tissue
Epithelial
o aggregated polyhedral cells
o small amount
o lining of surface or body cavities
o glandular secretion
Connective
o Several types of ficed and wandering cells
o Abundant amount
o Support and protection of tissues
Muscle
o Elongated contractile cells
o Moderate amount
o Strong contraction and body movements
Nervous
o Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
o Very small amount
o Transmission of nerve impulses
Epithelia
, Covering tissue: lining and protection (skin)
Transport along the surface of the epihelium (in the respiratory epithelium)
Absorption (in the intestine)
Secretion (in the glands)
Tightly connected to each other, therefor blood and other stuff have to of through the cell
and not around it
Intercellular adhesion and juctions
Tight junction: Ensures transcellular over paracellular transport
and secures polarity
Adherens junction: Anchoring neighbouring cells
Desmosomes: Firm cell-cell adhesion
Gap junctions: Cell communication
Hemidesmosomes: Anchoring epithelial cells to basement
membrane
The basement membrane based on layers
Basal lamina + reticular lamina
Attachment and structural support
Filtration (like in the kidney)
Regulation cell division and differentiation of epithelial cells
o Repair and regeneration
Categorization of epithelia
Single layered (also called simple layered)
o Simple squamous
o Simple cuboidal
o Simple columnar
Pseudostratified epithelium (simple)
Stratified (also called stratified = multi-layered)
o Keratinized
Stratified squamous
o Non- Keratinized
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Transitional epithelium
Simple epithelia
Squamous
o Flat shaped
o Found in capillaries
Continuous capillary: Most common type with tight
junctional complexes
Fenestrated capillary: sieve-like structure, exchange of
molecules (hormones)
Sinusoid: has gapes to allow blood cells and other cells to
pass
Cuboidal
o Cube shape
, o Found in the kidneys
Columnar
o elongated shape
o found in the intestines
Pseudostratified
o Looks multi layered but is single layered
o If you see cilia: single layered
o Found in the first part of the raspatory tract: bronchi
Stratified
Non-keratinised
o Buccal cavity, oesophagus, rectum, vagina
o The first layer of cells is connected to the basement membrane
Keratinised
o Skin
o Layers
Stratum corneum
Upper layer
Can come loose
Stratum lucidum
Dead cells
Stratum granulosum
Kerato-hyaline granules
Produce keratin *
Stratum spinosum
Heavily connected with
desmosomes
Stratum Basale
Produce pigments
Transfer melanin pigments to keratinocytes
Pigments: protection form * radiation
Dermis
Transitional epithelium
o Urinary bladder, ureters, upper urethra, prostate ducts
o Umbrella cells
Stretching cells
capable of protection the cells underneath
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