Summary
Summary Addiction: Explanations for Nicotine Addiction
- Course
- Institution
A detailed summary of class notes on the biological explanations and learning theory of nicotine addiction with evaluation. (AO1 + AO3)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
sumayyahh15
Content preview
addiction ENI
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
NICOTINE BINDS WITH NICOTINIC RECEPTORS, A TYPE OF
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (NACHR) IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL
AREA (VTA)
THIS TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF DOPAMINE IN THE NUCLEUS
ACCUMBENS (NA), WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOTOR FUNCTIONS, IN
THE MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM
THIS TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF MORE DOAPMINE FROM THE NA INTO
THE FRONTAL CORTEX
AT THE SAME TIME, DOPANINE IS TRANSMITTED ALONG THE
MESOCORTICAL PATHWAY THROUGH THE AMYGDALA, RESPONSIBLE
FOR EMOTIONS, TO THE HIPPOCAMPUS, RESPONSIBLE FOR MEMORIES,
THEN TO THE FRONTAL CORTEX
ACTIVATION OF THE REWARD PATHWAY CREATES EELINGS OF
EUPHORIA AND REDUCED ANXIETY
ABSTINANCE (E.G. OVERNIGHT) LEADS TO INCREASED SENSITIVITY OF
NICOTINIC RECEPTOS AND WITHDRAWAL, CAUSING MOTIVATION TO
SMOKE
NICOTINE ACTIVATES NATURAL OPIOIDS IN THE BRAIN (ENDORPHINS),
CREATING FEELINGS OF PLEASURE
THE NEUROCHEMICAL EXPLANATION IS DETERMINISTIC AND DOES NOT
CONSIDER FACTORS SUCH AS PERSONALITY; A PERSON’S LOCUS OF
CONTROL CAN INFLUENCE HOW LIKELY THEY ARE TO BECOME
ADDICTED AS THEY FEEL A CERTAIN LEVEL OF SELF CONTROL AND
FREE WILL
NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (NRT) IN THE FORM OF PATCHES
AND INHALERS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO TREAT NICOTINE
ADDICTIONS IN RESPONSE TO THIS THEORY, BUT SUCH TREATMENTS
ARE ONLY AROUND 50% EFFECTIVE
THE BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF NICOTINE ADDICTION IS
REDUCTIONIST BUT ALLOWS FOR A SINGLE CAUSE TO BE CLEARLY
IDENTIFIED AND TREATED
ANIMAL STUDIES ARE USED TO INVESTIGATE NICOTINE ADDICTION
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sumayyahh15. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now