Patho NR 283 exam 1 Questions & Correct Solutions
In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what?
What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?
What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?
What is an example of an X-linked condition?
What is an example of m...
1). In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what?
Ans: Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
2). What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?
Ans: Huntington's disease
3). What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?
Ans: Cystic fibrosis
4). What is an example of an x-linked condition?
Ans: Red - green color blindness
5). What is an example of multifactorial inheritance?
Ans: Pyloric stenosis
6). Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following system is consistent
with systemic manifestations of cellular injury during a myocardial infarction (select all
that apply)
a. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (ast/sgot)
c. increased leukocytes
d. pain
e. increase heart rate
f. fever
g. elevated creatinine kinase
h. elevated alanin aminostransferase (alt/sgpt)
Ans: A. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
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, C. increased leukocytes
E. increased HR
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase
7). The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process includes which changes that
occur as part of the normal aging process? (select all that apply)
a. increase in total body potassium concentration
b. increased gastric emptying
c. decreased muscle tone
d. wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
e. increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
f. increased formation of autoantibodies
Ans: A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
8). What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease?
Ans: Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead
skin cells, coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
9). How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to
protect us from infection?
Ans: There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits
microorganisms
10). If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at
least when it is in a controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? how might
the swelling associated with inflammation actually help with the healing process?
erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one take
solace in the fact that the response is being initiated?
Ans: It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx
of plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the
blood vessels to the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to
launch a more specific defense against the pathogens and enhances the healing
process.
11). What causes redness at the site of inflammation?
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, Ans: Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast
cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
12). What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?
Ans: Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
13). With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels?
Ans: Leukocytes
14). How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where
the site of the infection is present?
Ans: The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the site of the
infection
15). What does phagocytosis do at the site?
Ans: Digests the foreign substances cellular debris
16). Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury?
Ans: Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the injured area, taking the foreign
substances to make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing
17). When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
Ans: Prostaglandins
18). Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
Ans: Pyrogens are released by macrophages when exposed to bacteria
19). What reaction in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes the liver and spleen to
remove iron in the body that some bacteria use for growth?
Ans: fever
What do cells release when they are attacked by viruses?
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