synthesize proteins from amino acids, embedded in the rough ER.
ribosomes
involved in synthesizing materials that are transported out/within of the cell
golgi apparatus
sacs used for storage, digestion and waste removal. Only one large one in plant
cells
vacuole
small organelle, moves material within a cell
vesicles
consists of microtubules (made from proteins) that help shape and support the
cell
cytoskeleton
liquid material within a cell
cytosol
refers to cytosol and the structures within the plasma membrane of the cell
cytoplasm
has ribosomes on the surface, comprises the transport system
rough er
does not have ribosomes on surface, comprises the transport system
smooth er
structure generates atp, cellular differentiation, cell cycle and cell growth
regulation. numerous in eukaryotes (animal cells)
mitochondria
contains chromosomes and passes on genetic traits (DNA)
nucleus
chromosomes
rods of DNA
the dna and proteins that make up chromosomes
chromatin
within the nucleus, involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and stores
RNA
nucleolus
encloses the structures of the nucleus, made from lipids
nuclear membrane
involved in the exchange of material between the nucleus and cytoplasm
nuclear pores
liquid within the nucleus
nucleoplasm
involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell. It plays a
primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and
proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum
, protect the cell by engulfing the foreign bodies entering the cell and help in cell
renewal.
lysosomes
primary organelles for photosynthesis. It contains the pigment called chlorophyll.
chloroplasts
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
liquid to gas
vaporization
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
gas to liquid
condensation
ph lower than 7
acidic (water ,hydrochloric acid)
pH greater than 7
base (cleaning ingredients)
How can you calculate the number of protons of an element?
number of protons is the same as the atomic number on the top of the element
how do you calculate the number of neutrons?
Atomic Mass - Atomic Number = # of Neutrons
Mitosis
The daughter cell is an exact replica of the parent cell
Meiosis
daughter cells have different gene coding than parent cell
INTERPHASE
cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic and cytoplasmic material
PROPHASE
Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
METAPHASE
Spindle moves to the center of the cell and chromosome pairs align along the center of
the spindle structure.
ANAPHASE
chromosomes start to pull away from each other (daughter chromosomes
TELOPHASE
spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes revert to chromatin.
CYTOKINESIS
physical pulling of the cell into two cells.
covalent bond
sharing of electrons between 2 or more atoms
ionic bonds
relationship between two oppositely charged ions
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