WGU D236 Pathophysiology EXAM TEST
2024/2025 PASSED!!
Hodgkin's lymphoma
*pain in neck after drinking alcohol
painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin.
if lymph nodes were to be swollen and sitting on top of the superior vena cava
what would the symptoms be?
swelling of the face, neck, upper body
lymphedema
swelling or accumulation of the fluid due to blockage in the lymphatic system often seen
in pt who had them removed or cancer pt.
*due to blockage
lymphadenitis
enlargement in one or more lymph nodes usually due to infection *cellulitis-painful
lymphadenopathy
enlarged lymph nodes that become *palpable and tender
a patient was recently diagnosed with lymphoma. what type of cells does the
provider know is a cancer of?
lymphocytes
know the values of
*Ph
*PCO2
*HCO3
7.35-745
35-45
22-26
what is R.O.ME.
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream
oncotic
difference between children and adult immunity
Native T Cells
respiratory acidosis causes
CO2 high PH low
CNS depression
COPD
*hypoventilation
respiratory acidosis treatment
improve ventilation (intubation)
admin bicarb
respiratory alkalosis causes
CO2 low, PH high
hyperventilation
, hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis treatment
CO2 rebreather mask
metabolic acidosis causes
PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22
*DKA,
severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock
metabolic acidosis treatment
sodium bicarb
metabolic alkalosis causes
PH high due to HCO3 high >26
excessive vomiting
metabolic alkalosis treatment
electrolyte and fluid replacement
*administer vomiting meds
what happens to dehydrated pts?
ADH levels are high and RAAS is activated
dehydration /fluid deficit s/s
*headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine
hypoventilation
the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of acid and too little oxygen.
*respiratory acidosis
*equilibrium shift to right
*HCO3 high
*PH low
hyperventilation
exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is
reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left
*respiratory alkalosis
*HCO3 low
*PH high
Hemodyalysis
takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into the body through a central
line
*4-6 hours a few times per week
*artificial Kidney
CRRT
cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle
peritoneal dialysis
does not use a machine but injects a solution of water and glucose into the abdominal
cavity
Sodium normal levels
135-145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations
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