Ans: - Inner core is 6000°C made up of solid iron and nickel
- Outer core liquid melted 2,000 Km thick
- Mantle semi molten
2). Asthenophere
Ans: The upper semi molten part of mantle
3). Lithosphere
Ans: The rigid mantle and crust
4). Types of crust
Ans: - Continental- 30-70 km thick and less dense
- Oceanic- 6-10 km thick and more dense
5). Convection currents
Ans: - Lower parts of mantle rise as heated up, cool down become more dense and
slowly sink
- Circular movements of semi-molten rock, create drag on the base casing them to move
6). Slab pull
Ans: At destructive plate margins, denser crust sub-ducts, the sinking of plate pulls the
rest of the plate towards the boundary
7). Ridge push
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, Ans: At conservative plate margins, magma rises up forms new crust, heats
surrounding rocks causing it to slope. Gravity causes denser plate to move downward
away from plate margin, causes tectonic plates to move apart. Also called gravitational
sliding
8). Sea-floor spreading
Ans: Tectonic plates diverge, magma rises up then cools to form a new crust. the sea
floor gets wider over time. Creates mid-ocean ridges
9). Constructive plate margins
Ans: Two plates move apart (diverge), pressure is released at the margin causes
mantle to melt forming magma. Magma is less dense so it rises and can erupt to form
volcano, also form 2 land forms; ocean ridge and rift valley.
10). Rift valley
Ans: When plates diverge, causes continental crust to bulge and fracture, forming fault
lines. As plates move apart, the crust between parallel fault drops down from a rift valley.
11). Destructive plate margins
Ans: Where 2 plates move towards each other.
1) Oceanic-oceanic- Continental crust sub-ducts, heated by friction and melts into
magma, forms volcanoes. Fold mountains form where plates meet.
2) Oceanic- oceanic- denser plate will sub-duct forming a deep sea trench triggering
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. volcanic eruptions under sea causes island arcs
12). Conservative plate margins
Ans: Occurs where 2 plates move past each other. 2 plates are locked together and
pressure builds up, the plates jerk releasing energy ask an earthquake.
13). Magma plume
Ans: Magma plume is a vertical column of extra hot magma that rises up fro the
mantle. volcanoes form above magma plumes. the plume remains stationary but plates
move, a chain of volcanoes is formed.
Basaltic lava
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