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Summary Kantian ethics and Utilitarianism Revision
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Kantian ethics and Utilitarianism Revision Alevel OCR
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Kant and Util revisionUtil – consequentialist, teleological, a posteriori, synthetic, empirical evidence, purpose is
achieving the principle of utility. Moral laws can change. Hedonic calculus. Situationalist.
Qualitative – Mill – Rule. Quantitative – Bentham – Act.
Kant- deontological, teleological, duty based, a priori, analytic, based on logic, therefore it is
eternal. good will, three postulates, universal kingdom of ends, summum bonum,
universalisation of maxims, universalizability, ends not a means. Purpose is working towards
summum bonum, three formulations of the categorical imperative. Autonomy, have to
make an autonomous moral decision not influenced on extreanous variables. Freedom.
We have to postulate that freedom, god and immortality are true in order for the theory to
work. If you do nit believe in god this falls through.
First formulation of the categorical imperative is universalizability, yuou must be able to
apply maxims to all people.
Second formulation of the categorical imperative is to treat people as an ends not a means.
You cannot use people.
Third formulation of the categorical imperative is the universal kingdom of ends or the
summum bonum, the belief we will reach the ultimate world.
Principle of Utility – the greatest good for the greatest number.
Bentham says we can measure pleasure through the hedonic calculus, 7 tests for pleasure,
the intensity, proximity , duration, how likely to happen again.
Mill argues whats important is the Quality of the pleasure not the quantity. Higher pleasures
are Art or Theatre. Lower pleasures are chocolate or sex.
Act Util – every action is judged individually, very difficult to do. If the greatest good for the
greatest number, this can justify horrible things and doesn’t protect. Hedonic Calculus takes
time. You cannot do anything for personal benefit, greatest amount of good for the greatest
number.
Strong Rule – there are rules in society based on empirical evidence that can never be
broken, that rule can change in the future.
Weak Rule -
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