BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2024/2025 Questions and
Answers (Verified Answers)
1. What are the two main cavities covered in lecture?
Dorsal and ventral
2. What is the function of the dorsal cavity and what two subdivisions does it
contain?
Protection of the nervous system; cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
3. What is the function of the ventral cavity and what two subdivisions does it
contain?
Encloses internal organs; Thoracic (above diaphragm) and abdominopelvic
4. What does the thoracic cavity contain?
Pleural cavity, mediastinum (surrounds remaining organs), and pericardial cavity
5. What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain?
Abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver) and pelvic cavity (bladder,
reproductive organs, rectum)
6. What kind of serous membrane lines the cavity wall?
Parietal (remember serous membranes are continuous)
7. What kind of serous membrane lines the organ it's associated with?
Visceral (remember serous membranes are continuous)
8. What is meant by the term "anatomical variability"?
It means that humans vary slightly in their anatomy. Only about 90% of all anatomical
structures match the textbook
, 9. What are the functions of the plasma membrane?
Physical boundary, separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids, transports
molecules, enzymatic activity, signal transduction using receptors, intercellular
adhesion, cell-cell recognition
10. What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
It is a phospholipid bilayer that has embedded proteins
11. What is the difference between peripheral proteins and integral proteins in
the plasma membrane?
Peripheral - one side
Integral - both sides
12. What is the Glycocalyx and what is its function?
Area around the cell composed of carbohydrates; provides highly specific biological
markers for cell-cell recognition
13. What are the four intracellular junctions?
Tight, adhering, gap and desmosomes
14. What are tight junctions?
(stitches) Impermeable junction that encircles apical surface, inhibits movement
between cells
15. What are adhering junctions?
(snaps) Junctions that provide apical support, deep to tight junction, resists separation
of cells, composed of lots of desmosomes
16. What are desmosomes?
Anchoring junction scattered along the side of cells, joins cytoskeleton of cells together
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