Summary Chapter 2 SLK 210 notes- Prenatal development and the birth process
3 views 0 purchase
Course
SLK 210
Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)
Book
Child and Adolescent Development
This chapter summary includes a detailed review of the prescribed textbook of the University Of Pretoria in SLK 210. This summary includes all sections of the chapter that was necessary for Semester Test 1 (2024)
CAD1501 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 - DUE July 2024 ;100% TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions.
Exam (elaborations) CAD1501 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 - DUE 31 July 2024 • Course • Child and Adolescent Development (CAD1501) • Institution • University Of South Africa (Unisa) •...
Exam (elaborations) CAD1501 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 - DUE 31 July 2024 • Course • Child and Adolescent Development (CAD1501) • Institution • University Of South Africa (Unisa) •...
All for this textbook (26)
Written for
University of Pretoria (UP)
SLK 210
All documents for this subject (26)
Seller
Follow
erinpoly1
Reviews received
Content preview
Prenatal Environmental Influences
Prenatal development refers to normal prenatal development.
o From time to time, certain factors may disrupt normal development, with the result
that the child’s physical and mental health and development could be affected to
varying degrees.
About 50% of all congenital abnormalities in humans are unknown.
o The other 50% is caused largely by genetic factors, followed by prenatal
environmental factors or the interaction between environmental or genetic factors.
Teratogen: Any external factor or process that has a negative effect on the normal
development of an unborn child.
o Effects of medication and drugs as well as variables such as age and emotional state
of the pregnant woman.
Behavioural teratology: The study of the effect of teratogens on the behaviour of pre and
post-natal children.
è Time of exposure.
o Teratogens cause more damage at certain phases of development than
during others.
o Usually, the embryonic phase is more vulnerable than the foetal phase.
è Genetic vulnerability.
o The nature and severity of the abnormalities is dependent on the genetic
makeup of both the mother and the child.
o Some mothers and children are genetically more vulnerable than others.
è The degree or intensity of the factor plays a role.
o For example, the more the mother smokes or drinks, the greater the chances
are that an unborn child could be harmed.
è Each teratogen has a different effect on the unborn child.
o The damage is selective.
o Eg. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, her baby’s limbs will be normal,
but the baby will have problems with its vision, hearing, and heart.
è The damage is not always evident at birth.
o Although physical deformities are noticeable after birth, psychological
problems such as cognitive or behavioural deficits may only appear later in
life.
, Eg. Learning problems or hyperactivity.
The following prenatal environmental factors could affect the development of the child
negatively:
The Age of the Parents
Mothers younger than 20 and 35 or older run a greater risk of giving birth to a child with
mental and physical defects.
Teenage mothers are more susceptible to premature births, stillbirths, and pregnancy
complications. (15 and younger)
o Eg. High blood pressure and anaemia.
Women older than 35 who become pregnant for the first time and women older than 40
who have been pregnant previously tend to have a longer and more difficult birth process.
o Stillbirths and problems during pregnancy are common.
o The risk of having a Down syndrome child increases as she gets older.
Down Syndrome: Characterised by low intellectual ability and characteristic physical
features.
o The high frequency of Down syndrome babies from older mothers is probably
because older eggs have a greater risk of defective chromosome division.
Maternal Incidence of Maternal age Incidence of Maternal Incidence of
Age 20- down syndrome 30-39 down syndrome Age 40-49 down syndrome
29
20 2 in 2 000 30 1 in 900 40 1 in 100
21 1 in 1 700 31 1 in 800 41 1 in 80
22 1 in 1 500 32 1 in 720 42 1 in 70
23 1 in 1 400 33 1 in 600 43 1 in 50
24 1 in 1 300 34 1 in 450 44 1 in 40
25 1 in 1 200 35 1 in 350 45 1 in 30
26 1 in 1 100 36 1 in 300 46 1 in 25
27 1 in 1 050 37 1 in 250 47 1 in 20
28 1 in 1 000 38 1 in 200 48 1 in 15
29 1 in 950 39 1 in 150 49 1 in 10
Women who are older than 35 are often in good physical condition and are more financially
stable thus are more able to care for a child.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller erinpoly1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.94. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
