NR 546 / NR546 Psychopharmacology Midterm
Exam Questions and Answers ()
(Verified Answers)
1). Prefrontal cortex symptoms of mdd
Ans: Concentration
Mental Fatigue
Mood
2). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mdd
Ans: Guilt
Suicidality
Worthlessness
3). Striatum symptoms of mdd
Ans: Physical fatigue
4). Nucleus accumbens symptoms of mdd
Ans: Pleasure interests
5). Hypothalamus symptoms of mdd
Ans: Sleep
Appetite
6). Thalamus & hypothalamus symptoms of mania
Ans: Decreased sleep/arousal
7). Striatum symptoms of mania
Ans: Motor/agitation
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, 8). Prefrontal cortex (pfc) symptoms of mania
Ans: Risk-taking
Talkative/pressured speech
9). Nucleus accumbens & pfc symptoms of mania
Ans: Racing thoughts, grandiosity
10). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mania
Ans: Mood
11). Medication management
Ans: SSRI-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
*Inhibit 5 HT reuptake
SNRI-Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
*increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
NDRI-Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake inhibitors
*inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
SARI-Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitors
12). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris): most adverse effects will subside after 4-5
days once the body adjusts to increased serotonin levels.
Ans: diarrhea
headache
weight gain
sexual side effects
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, 13). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (snris): medications should not be abruptly
stopped to avoid discontinuation symptoms. ne effects of the medication may increase
anxiety in some clients. report worsening anxiety to the provider.
14). Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (ndri): take medication in the morning. stop
taking medication if seizures occur. stop taking medication if anxiety is noted.
Ans: agitation
headache
dry mouth
constipation
weight loss
15). Escitalopram (lexapro) ssri
Ans: no known drug interactions
best tolerated SSRI
27-32 hour half-life good for forgetful prone clients
least CYP reactions
Substrate for 3A4
Ans: longest half-life
Use caution in patients with comorbid anxiety due to risk for activation and panic attacks
Half-Life: 2-3 days parent, 2 week metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4
18). Paroxetine (paxil) ssri
Ans: also treats social anxiety and insomnia
associated with weight gain
will experience withdrawal with missed dose or abrupt stop
Ans: also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
Half-Life: 22-36 hour parent; 62-104 hour metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4 weakly at low doses
21). Venlafaxine (effexor)
Ans: treats both depression and anxiety disorders, ensure trial of higher dose before
switching to a different medication
Half-life: Parent drug 3-7 hour; metabolite has 9-13 hour
22). Duloxetine (cymbalta) snri
Ans: effective for atypical pain at higher doses; appropriate for clients who present
with somatic symptoms of depression; effective for atypical pain, such as fibromyalgia
and diabetic neuropathy
Half-Life: 12 hours
Inhibitor of 2D6
23). Bupropion (wellbutrin)
Ans: NDRI may improve energy, alertness, and motivation; not first-line treatment for
anxiety; contraindicated in clients with a history of seizures
Avoid in patients with comorbid anxiety
Half-Life: Parent 10-14 hours; Metabolite 20-27 hours
Inhibits 2D6
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