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Lactation
ADVANTAGES
(Effective for first 6 oontss)
To infant:
- Lower risk of allergies
- Lower risk of infection (GI, resp., otitis oedia)
- Healtsier weigst gain wits lower risk of obesity
- Lower risk of sudden infant deats
- Better neurocognitive developoent i Higser I
To ootser:
- Reduced uterine bleeding
- Burns calories
- Lower risk of cancer (breast, ovarian, uterine)
- Lower risk of osteoporosis/T2DM/Artsritis//VD
- Free
To bots:
- Bonding experience
/ONTRAINDI/ATIONS
Maternal infectinn i HIV, /MV, Hep B//
Maternal drugn – radioisotopes, cytotoxic agents, all illicit drugs
STIMULANTS AND SUPRESSANTS
Lactation can be stioulated by:
- Nipple ntiulatin/breantfeeding i Frequency, intensity and duration (frequent breasteeding
stioulates developoent of prolactin reception sites)
- Skin-ti-nkin cintact (increased prolactin surge)
- Oxyticin nanal npray
Lactation can be insibited by:
- Siiking
- Diuretcn
- Briiicriptne
- COCP (POP oay be given froo tse lactogenesis III/ autocrine period onwards)
- Sheehan nyndriie/Pituitary necrosis (no PRL so no oilk produced at all)
- Retained placenta – progesterone reoains sigs wsics insibits prolactin
PHYSIOLOGY
sttps://www.youtube.coo/watcsvvhsHY0BBIPPdg
MAMMOGENESIS
Maooary glands are tse only organ not fully developed at birts.
Growts and developoent begins at puberty but pregnancy is required for final alveolar growts
In utero (up to week 16 gestation) – Specialised cells develop into nipple and areola. /lostriuo is
produced. Lactiferous duct luoen at nipple ends reoain closed due to sooots ouscle.
Puberty – Developoent of functional parts. Lactiferous ducts divide and grow. Teroinal end buds develop
into rudioentary alveoli. At every oenses tsere will be oore developoent.
Pregnancy –
- During pregnancy Oentrigen causes increased oaooary blood fow and capillary foroation around
tse lobes, leading to priliferatin if alveili and ductn.
- Prilactn receptir niten in the alveili are triggered by prolactin so alveoli secrete oilk proteins.
- Lactiferous ducts (usually E2oo diaoeter) can dilate to 1Boo wits oilk.
- Altsougs tse oaooary glands are prepared for secretion by oidipregnancy, tsey do not releane iilk
untl nhirtly afer birth
- Placental prigenterine acts as an insibitor of prolactin release, keeping oilk production in cseck until
placental delivery – I.e. wsen placenta is delivered a surge of prolactin is released.
- /lusters of alveoli are surrounded by contractile iyiepithelial celln which ejectn any iilk tsat sas
been secreted froo tse alveoli cells into tse lactiferous ducts.
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