~Study Guide~ AICE MARINE AS LEVEL EXAM Questions Rated 100% With Correct Solutions

Trophic level - ANS "feeding level" in a food chain or food web primary producer - ANS autotrophs (self feeders) ex: phytoplankton primary consumer - ANS herbivores feed directly on primary producer secondary consumer - ANS carnivores that feed on herbivores tertiary consumer - ANS carnivores that feed on other carnivores top predators - ANS carnivores at the top of the food chain succession - ANS gradual change in an ecosystem that occurs over a period of time EX: volcano erupts/creates a flow of lava/species of coral begins to grow/species adapts & grows over time predator - ANS an animal that catches, kills, and eats another animal EX: Carnivorous fish eating plankton/fish prey - ANS animals that are eaten by predators. they may use survival tactics such as camouflage EX: starfish eat shellfish however this predator-prey relationship is necessary to keep the balance in an ecosystem keystone species - ANS Consumers that have a LARGE effect on the overall biodiversity on an ecosystem... Example: starfish (If starfish are removed from a community-- mussel & sea urchin populations dramatically increase) shoaling - ANS large #s of fish in the same species coming together in a "social" way shoaling advantages - ANS 1) hydrodynamic frequency 2) more eyes to seek out feed 3) more eyes to seek out predators 4) protection for predators 5) saves energy 6) amount of fish confuses predators 7) increase chance to find a mate 8) easier to reproduce population - ANS organisms of the SAME species living together community - ANS organisms of DIFFERENT species living together habitat - ANS natural environment of an organism ecosystem - ANS system of organisms and their NONLIVING environment