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Anatomie, fysiologie en pathologie samenvatting semester 2 leerjaar 1
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AFP samenvatting van vaardig in de basis Semester 2 leerjaar 1 Van de boeken Anatomie en Fysiologie & Pathologie voor verpleegkundigen
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Anatomie, fysiologie en pathologie semester 2 – samenvattingInhoudsopgave
Anatomie & Fysiologie boek........................................................................................................................... 5
6.6 Bloed....................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.6.1 Bloedcellen..................................................................................................................................................5
6.6.2 Hemopoëse..................................................................................................................................................5
6.6.3 Hemostase...................................................................................................................................................5
6.6.4 Bloedplasma................................................................................................................................................5
6.9 Immuniteit............................................................................................................................................... 6
6.9.1 Niet-specifieke immuniteit...........................................................................................................................6
6.9.2 Specifieke immuniteit..................................................................................................................................7
6.9.3 Immunisatie.................................................................................................................................................7
6.10 Bloedgroepen......................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2 Spijsverteringskanaal............................................................................................................................... 8
7.2.1 Algemene bouw van de wand.....................................................................................................................8
7.2.2 Mondholte...................................................................................................................................................8
7.2.3 Keelholte......................................................................................................................................................9
7.2.4 Slokdarm......................................................................................................................................................9
7.2.5 Maag...........................................................................................................................................................9
7.2.6 Dunne darm...............................................................................................................................................10
7.2.7 Dikke darm................................................................................................................................................10
7.3 Spijsverteringsklieren en galwegen......................................................................................................... 10
7.3.1 Alvleesklier................................................................................................................................................10
7.3.2 Lever..........................................................................................................................................................10
7.3.3 De galwegen..............................................................................................................................................10
8.1 Nieren.................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1.1 Bouw van de nier.......................................................................................................................................11
8.1.2 Doorbloeding van de nier..........................................................................................................................11
8.1.3 Het nefron.................................................................................................................................................11
8.1.4 Werking van de nier..................................................................................................................................11
8.1.5 Regeling van de water- en zoutenuitscheiding.........................................................................................11
8.1.6 Regeling van de zuurgraad........................................................................................................................12
8.1.7 Aanmaak van erytocyten..........................................................................................................................12
8.2 Urine...................................................................................................................................................... 12
8.3 Transport, opslag en verwijdering van urine............................................................................................ 12
, 8.3.1 Urineleiders...............................................................................................................................................12
8.3.2 Urineblaas.................................................................................................................................................12
8.3.3 Urinebuis...................................................................................................................................................12
8.4 Mictie.................................................................................................................................................... 12
10 Huid........................................................................................................................................................ 12
10.1 Functies van de huid...................................................................................................................................12
10.2 Bouw van de huid.......................................................................................................................................13
10.4 Temperatuurregulatie via de huid..............................................................................................................14
11.1 Algemene werking van hormonen........................................................................................................ 15
11.1.1 Steroïdhormonen en eiwithormonen......................................................................................................15
11.1.2 Regelkringen............................................................................................................................................15
11.2 Het hypothalamus-hypofysesysteem.................................................................................................... 15
H12.1 Algemene functies zenuwstelsel......................................................................................................... 15
12.2 Algemene werking................................................................................................................................ 16
12.3 Indelingen............................................................................................................................................ 16
12.3.1 Anatomische indeling..............................................................................................................................16
12.3.2 Fysiologisch indeling...............................................................................................................................16
12.4 Zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................................ 16
12.4.1 Neuronen.................................................................................................................................................16
12.4.2 Neuroglia.................................................................................................................................................17
12.4.3 Witte stof en grijze stof...........................................................................................................................17
12.4.4 Membraanpotentiaal en impulsopwekking............................................................................................17
12.4.5 Impulsoverdracht....................................................................................................................................18
12.5 Grote hersenen.................................................................................................................................... 18
12.5.1 Uitwendige bouw....................................................................................................................................18
12.7 Hersenstam.......................................................................................................................................... 18
12.7.1 Middenhersenen.....................................................................................................................................18
12.7.2 Pons.........................................................................................................................................................18
12.7.3 Verlengde merg.......................................................................................................................................18
12.7.4 Reticulaire formatie.................................................................................................................................19
12.8 Kleine hersenen.................................................................................................................................... 19
12.9 Ruggenmerg......................................................................................................................................... 19
12.9.1 Bouw........................................................................................................................................................19
12.9.2 Functies...................................................................................................................................................20
, 12.9.3 Ruggenmergzenuwen.............................................................................................................................20
12.10 Reflexen............................................................................................................................................. 20
12.10.1 Hersenstamreflexen..............................................................................................................................21
12.10.2 Ruggenmergreflexen.............................................................................................................................21
12.11 Vegetatieve zenuwstelsel.................................................................................................................... 21
12.11.1 Sympathische zenuwstelsel...................................................................................................................22
12.11.2 Parasympatische zenuwstelsel..............................................................................................................22
Pathologie voor verpleegkundigen............................................................................................................... 23
2.1 Afweersysteem...................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.1 Aspecifiek afweersysteem.........................................................................................................................23
2.1.2 Specifiek afweersysteem...........................................................................................................................23
2.5 Allergie.................................................................................................................................................. 24
3 Infectieziekten.......................................................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................24
3.2 Basisbegrippen.............................................................................................................................................24
3.3 Verwekkers van infectieziekten....................................................................................................................24
3.3.4 Schimmels..................................................................................................................................................25
3.3.5 Overige infectieuze ziekteverwekkers.......................................................................................................25
3.4 Pathofysiologie van infectieziekten......................................................................................................... 25
3.4.1 Overdracht van infectieziekten..................................................................................................................25
3.4.2 Nosocominale infecties.............................................................................................................................26
3.5 Diagnostiek van infectieziekten.............................................................................................................. 26
3.6 Behandeling van infectieziekten............................................................................................................. 26
3.7 Complicaties van infectieziekten............................................................................................................. 27
3.7.1 Bacteriëmie...............................................................................................................................................27
3.7.2 Abces en empyeem....................................................................................................................................27
3.7.3 Sepsis.........................................................................................................................................................27
3.8 Preventie van infectieziekten.................................................................................................................. 27
3.8.1 Beroepsmatige blootstelling aan infectieziekten......................................................................................28
3.8.2 Vaccinatie..................................................................................................................................................28
6.5.3 Oedeem.............................................................................................................................................. 28
7.2 Veelvoorkomende symptomen............................................................................................................... 28
8.6.2 Longembolie........................................................................................................................................ 29
, 10.1 Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort (orgaanstelsels)...............................................................................30
10.1.1 Regulatie van de pH................................................................................................................................30
10.1.2 Regulatie van de vocht- en elektrolytenbalans.......................................................................................31
10.2 Veelvoorkomende symptomen............................................................................................................. 31
10.3 Diagnostisch onderzoek........................................................................................................................ 32
10.4 Aandoeningen van blaas en urinewegen............................................................................................... 32
10.4.1 Urineweginfecties....................................................................................................................................32
10.5 Aandoeningen van de nieren................................................................................................................ 33
10.5.1 Nierinsufficiëntie.....................................................................................................................................33
15.4 Aandoeningen van de ogen................................................................................................................... 34
15.4.1 Oogontsteking.........................................................................................................................................34
15.4.2 Gluacoom................................................................................................................................................35
15.4.3 Cataract...................................................................................................................................................36
15.4.4 Netvliesaandoeningen.............................................................................................................................36
15.4.5 Strabismus...............................................................................................................................................36
15.4.6 Amblyopie...............................................................................................................................................36
15.5 Aandoeningen van de oren................................................................................................................... 37
15.5.1 Infecties van het oor................................................................................................................................37
15.5.2 Slechthorendheid.....................................................................................................................................37
17.2 Veelvoorkomende symptomen............................................................................................................. 37
17.4 Infecties van de huid............................................................................................................................. 38
17.4.1 Bacteriële huidinfecties...........................................................................................................................38
17.4.2 Schimmelinfecties....................................................................................................................................39
17.5.2 Eczeem.............................................................................................................................................. 39
17.5.3 Psoriasis............................................................................................................................................ 40
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