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Samenvatting Neurologie
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Volledige samenvatting van Neurologie hoorcolleges. Bevat: PowerPoints, notities en eigen opgezochte informatie. Laatste deel nog beter bekijken en goed de vragen leren!! Enjoyyy
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NEUROLOGIE,INHOUDSOPGAVE
1. dementie – don’t forget !!!!!!! examen ......................................................................................................... 4
1.1 DEFINITIE ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT .................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 CVI ................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 TYPOLOGIE VAN DE DEMNTIE ............................................................................................................... 6
1.3 indeling van dementies ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 BELANG VAN DE DIAGNOSE .................................................................................................................. 6
1.5 BELANGRIJKSTE KLINISCHE BEELDEN..................................................................................................... 7
1.5.1 ZIEKTE VAN ALZHEIMER ................................................................................................................ 7
1.5.2 FRONTO – temporo lobaire degeneratie (ftld) ............................................................................. 8
1.5.3 Vasculaire dementie (VaD) ........................................................................................................... 9
1.5.4 DEMENTIE MET LEWY LICHAAMPJES (DLBD) .............................................................................. 10
2. parkinson: meer dan beven?! ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.1 INLEIDING: voorkomen van ziekte parkinson ...................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 kenmerken .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1.2 DEFINITIE ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3 prevalentie .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 klinische diagnose ................................................................................................................................ 12
2.2.1 MOTORE SYMPTOMEN ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2 NIET – motore verschijnselen ..................................................................................................... 13
3. epilepsie ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 EPIDEMIOLOGIE = voorkomen ............................................................................................................. 15
3.3 DIAGNOSTIEK ....................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3.1 EPILEPTISCHE AANVAL ................................................................................................................ 15
3.4 Behandelen .......................................................................................................................................... 18
3.4.1 RATIONALE VOOR BEHANDLING ................................................................................................. 18
3.4.2 BEHANDELINGSSTRATEGIE ......................................................................................................... 19
3.5 WERKING VAN HET NEURON actiepotentiaal ..................................................................................... 19
3.6 WERKING VOLTAGE – gated kanaal ..................................................................................................... 20
3.7 ANTI-epileptica .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.8 REFRACTAIRE EPILEPSIE ....................................................................................................................... 21
4. CVA: Cerebro Vasculaire aandoeningen ....................................................................................................... 22
andere bloedingen .................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
subdurale/epidurale bloeding ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
, motorische verschijnselen .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
rusttremor ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
bradykinesie ...................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
tandradrigiditeit ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
niet – motore verschijnselen................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
sensorisch .......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
autonome dysfunctie ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
slaapstoornissen................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
neuropsychiatrisch ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
multiple sclerose ....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
inleiding ................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
verdeling in belgië ......................................................................................................................................... 49
wat is ms?...................................................................................................................................................... 49
ALS ............................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
defintie .................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
, 1. DEMENTIE – DON’T FORGET !!!!!!!
1.1 DEFINITIE
Dementie = een verworven stoornis van de cognitieve functies op basis van een organisch cerebraal lijden
Deze stoornis is dusdanig ernstig dat zij interfereert met de activiteiten van het dagelijks leven
Achteruitgang van IADL of ADL
Niet Psychisch lijden: depressie
Achteruitgang!! Van cognitieve functies
Verworven:
= Differentiaaldiagnose met ontwikkelingsstoornissen bv. mentale retardatie
Er zijn ook verworven dementies bij kinderen bv. Rett – syndroom, SSPE,… (subacute sclerocerende
pancefalitisch)
Retardatie; nooit goed functioneren
Niet elke stoornis bij kinderen is een retardatie
Cognitieve functies:
- Geheugen (amnesie = weg geheugen = vergeten)
➢ Recent geheugen (Alzheimer) vs. verre geheugen
➢ Inprenting (het aanleren, info wordt aangeboden maar blijft niet hangen) vs. Retentie =
vasthouden (info wordt geleerd maar snel vergeten) VS oproepingsgeheugen = (is er maar je kant
het niet vasthouden
- Taal (afasie) het weten
➢ Fatisch: met taal te maken hebbende
- Praxis ( apraxie) het kunnen
➢ Motoriek is goed, je kan het cognitief niet
- Gnosis (agnosie) = niet weten
➢ Weten niet hoe ze de vingers moeten benoemen
- Concentratie
- (sociale cognitie ?)
➢ Onaangepast gedragen
- Probleemoplossend vermogen (o.a. kritisch inzicht)
➢ Kan eenvoudige vraagstukken niet oplossen
Organisch cerebraal lijden:
Differentiaaldiagnose met
- Normale veroudering = normaal dat mensen wat vergeten
- pseudo-dementie (depressie)
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) = achteruitgang van de cognitieve functies in een of meerdere
domeinen maar lichte vorm van dementie (deviatie)
- Vascular cognitive impairment (CVI) = ten gevolge van kleine herseninfarctjes
- Elke andere vorm van ernstige hersenbeschadiging = bepaalde hersenfunctie kan uitvallen =
verworven cognitieve stoornis
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