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AP Academic Project - summary all chapters and lectures (Grade: 8,1)
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Pre-master Business Administration UvA, course: Academic Project (SEP 2018) Very in-depth but compact summary. Good luck studying!
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Research methods, mock exam, chapter 1&2
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Comprehensive Summary - Academic Project (6012S0010Y)
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TEST BANK FOR RESEARCH METHODS THE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE BASE 2ND EDITION BY WILLIAM TROCHIM (ISBN 978-1133954774)
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1. Foundaton of research eethodsResearch = systematic investiiatitn that is empirical (verifee y eata) ane eesiinee tt
ctntri ute tt pu lic kntwleeie
Social research = su class invtlvini stcieties
Research enterprise = macrt-level eftrt tt accumulate kntwleeie acrtss multiple pu lic
research prtjects
Translatonal research = systematic eftrt tt mtve initial eisctvery tt practice tt impact
lives research-practice ctntinuum
Types tf research
Basic research
ienerate eisctveries + uneerstane htw it wtrks
Appliee research
eisctvery testee in real-life envirtnment
Implementatitn & eisseminatitn research
assess if eisctvery can e carriee tut in rtae ranie ctntexts
Ptlicy research
investiiate existini ptlicies/ eeveltp + test new tnes
Impact research
assess eisctvery’s rtaeer efects tn stciety
Up to down: discovery to Impact (Research-practcee
Research synthesis = systematic stuey tf multiple pritr stueies aeeressini the same RQ ane
summarizes their results
Meta-analysis = ctm ine results tf similar stueies y statistical methtes tt make
ieneral ctnclusitns (quantitative)
Systeeatc review = use pre-plannee methtes tt analyze + summarize specifc
questitns/ issues in multiple stueies
Practcal guideline = specifc set tf research- asee rectmmeneatitns ftr practice +
estimates tn strenith tf evieence
Evidence-based practce (EBP) = mtvement that encturaies/ requires practititners tt use
practices asee tn evieence refectee in syntheses tr iuieelines
Gtal: eter inteiratitn tf research ane practice
Ctntrtversy: unclear which methtes are alltwee
Evolutonary episteeology = philtstphy ranch that explains ieeas evtlve thrtuih the
prtcess tf natural selectitnn A eisctvery has survival value tr nttn
RQesearch ttpics ctme frtm:
Practical prt lems in fele
Literature in specifc fele
- RQequest ftr prtptsals (RQFP)
Think tf yturself
,Literature review = systematic ctmpilatitn + writen summary tf literature scientifc
jturnals relatee tt research ttpic (in intrteuctitn)
imptrt ant tt eetermine creei ility
Peer review = system tf reviewini research papers where research is sent in ane
antnymtusly reviewee y tther researchers, asee tn this eeittr rejects tr accepts
Feasibility issues = traee-tfs etween riitr (strictness) ane practicality, lenith research,
cttperatitn ane ethical ctnstraints
Types tf stueies
Descriptive stuey
etcuments what’s itini tn/ what exists
RQelatitnal stuey
investiiates ctnnectitn twt tr mtre varia les
Causal stuey
investiiates causal relatitnship twt varia les
Crtss-sectitnal stuey
takes place tne ptint in time
Ltniitueinal stuey
takes place tf time
- RQepeatee measures = twt tr mtre waves tf measurement tver time
- Time series = many waves tf measurement tver time
Correlatonal relatonship = synchrtnizee asstciatitn etween twt varia les
prt lem: thire varia le/ missini varia le = unt servee varia le that acctunts ftr the
ctrrelatitn etween twt varia les
Nt relatitnship
Neiative relatitnship
Ptsitive relatitnship
Curvilinear relatitnship
Hypothesis = specifc statement tf preeictitn
H0 = ptssi le tutctme tther than H1, usually preeicts nt efect
HA = specifc statement tf expectatitn frtm stuey
- One-tailee = specifes tne eirectitn (increase tr eecrease)
- Twt-tailee = nt specifc eirectitn
Hypothetco-deductve eodel = Only tne hyptthesis is acceptee ecause hypttheses are
mutually exclusive, ttiether exhaust all ptssi le tutctmes
Variable = any entity that can take tn eiferent values (aie, ieneer, jt )
Ineepeneent = the tne ytu manipulate (prtiram treatment)
Depeneent = the tne that is efectee (tutctme)
- Exhaustive = incluee all ptssi le answers
- Mutually exclusive = ntt a le tt assiin twt atri utes simultanetusly
Attribute = specifc value tf varia le (num er, male/ female)
Values = 1,2,3
, Unit of analysis = entity ytu are analyzini enin irtups, ineivieuals
Hierarchical eodeling = mteel that alltw ftr inclusitn tf eata at eiferent levels
(Stueent in class| schttl| schttl eistrict)
Deeuctive reastnini
Thetry Hyptthesis O servatitn Ctnfrmatitn
General tt specifc
Ttp-etwn
uantitative
Test thetry
Narrtw
Ineuctive reastnini
O servatitn Patern Tentative hyptthesis Thetry
Specifc tt ieneralizee thetries
Btttm-up
ualitative
Buile thetry
Expltrattry
Usually a combinaton oo both is used
Hour-glass structure
Brtae questitns > Narrtw etwn/ Ftcus > Operatitnalize > O serve >< Analyze eata <RQeach
ctnclusitns < Generalize ack tt questitns
Operatonalizaton = translatini ctnstruct tt manifestatitn (ieea tt reality)
Majtr ctmptnents causal stuey
Research problee = rtae, ntt a le tt aeeress in sinile stuey
Research queston = central issue aeeressee in stuey
Prtiram (cause)
Units (samplee ptpulatitn)
Outctmes (efect)
Desiin
Cause construct = a stract ieea tr thetry tn cause (expectee prtiram)
Effect construct = a stract ieea tr thetry tn efect (expectee t servatitns)
Validity = est apprtximatitn tf truth tf iiven prtptsititn, inference tr ctnclusitnn It
jueies quality tf research
Ctnclusitn valieity
eeiree ctnclusitns a tut relatitnship are valie
Internal valieity
eeiree inferences reiareini cause-efect true
Ctnstruct valieity
eeiree inferences reiareini tperatitnalizatitn ane thetretical ctnstructs true
External valieity
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