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Samenvatting Chemische Technologie 3 CC

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  • Course
  • Chemische Technologie
  • Institution
  • Karel De Grote-Hogeschool (KdG)

Dit document bevat de cursus van Chemische Technologie 3 CC uitgelegd in eigen woorden, met alle oefeningen uitgewerkt in stappen. Alle lessen van dit vak werden bijgewoond, dus extra leerstof/oefeningen zijn ook verwerkt in dit document. Het document bestaat uit 153 pagina's

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Document information

  • January 4, 2019
  • 154
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

Subjects

  • chemische technologie
  • gerda wouters
  • wouters
  • chemie
  • karel de grote
  • karel de grote hogeschool
  • blc
  • kdg

Written for

  • Karel de Grote-Hogeschool (KdG)
  • Biomedische Laboratoriumtechnologie
  • Chemische Technologie
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2  reviews

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By: ranaalnakshabandi • 4 year ago

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CHEMISCHE TECHNOLOGIE 3 CC
Samenvatting




Yara Heselmans 3 CC - b
2018-2019

,INLEIDING: SITUERING VAN HET VAK ............................................................................................... 5

BELANGRIJKE BEGRIPPEN I.V.M. FYSISCHE SCHEIDINGSBEWERKING.................................................................. 6
BATCH PROCES OF CONTINUE PROCES ............................................................................................................. 6
STROMINGSPATRONEN: GELIJKSTROOMWERKING EN TEGENSTROOMWERKING ....................................................... 7
Gelijkstroom = Co-current ......................................................................................................................... 7
Tegenstroom = counter-current ................................................................................................................ 7
‘TRAP’ ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

1. BELANGRIJKSTE SCHEIDINGSTECHNIEKEN EN HUN APPARATUUR. ............................................. 10

1.1 SCHEIDING MENGSELS VAST-VAST .................................................................................................... 10
1.1.1 ZEVEN............................................................................................................................................. 10
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Zeefanalyse ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Zeefapparatuur ....................................................................................................................................... 12
1.1.2 BEZINKING ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Bezinksnelheid ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Apparatuur ............................................................................................................................................. 14
1.1.3 SCHEIDING OP BASIS VAN VERSCHIL IN BEVOCHTINGBAARHEID: FLOTTATIE................................................... 18
Principe en apparatuur ........................................................................................................................... 18
1.1.4 SCHEIDING DOOR MAGNETISERING....................................................................................................... 19
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 19
Apparatuur ............................................................................................................................................. 19
1.1.5 ELEKTRISCHE SCHEIDING ..................................................................................................................... 20
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Apparatuur ............................................................................................................................................. 20
1.2 SCHEIDING MENGSELS VAST-VLOEISTOF ............................................................................................. 21
1.2.1 BEZINKEN ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Apparaten ............................................................................................................................................... 21
1.2.2 FILTREREN ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Principe ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Apparatuur ............................................................................................................................................. 24
1.2.3 CENTRIFUGEREN ............................................................................................................................... 30
Centrifugale bezinking ............................................................................................................................ 30
Centrifugale filtratie................................................................................................................................ 30
1.3 SCHEIDING MENGSELS VAST-GAS ..................................................................................................... 31
1.3.1 INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................................ 31
1.3.2 PRINCIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 31
1.3.3 APPARATUUR ................................................................................................................................... 31
Bezinkingsrichtingen ............................................................................................................................... 31
Cycloon.................................................................................................................................................... 33
Stoffilter .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Natte stofvangers of ‘scrubbers’ ............................................................................................................. 35
Elektrostatische neerslagvormer ............................................................................................................ 38
1.4 SCHEIDING HETEROGEEN MENGSEL VLOEISTOF-VLOEISTOF ..................................................................... 39
1.4.1 PRINCIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 39
1.4.2 APPARATUUR ................................................................................................................................... 39
Bezinking ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Centrifugeren .......................................................................................................................................... 39
1.5 SCHEIDING MENGSELS GAS-VLOEISTOF .............................................................................................. 40


1

,1.5.1 MIST .............................................................................................................................................. 40
1.5.2 SCHUIM .......................................................................................................................................... 40

2. WARTMEOVERDRACHT ............................................................................................................. 41

2.1 TYPE VAN WARTMEOVERDACHT ...................................................................................................... 41
2.1.1 GELEIDING ....................................................................................................................................... 41
2.1.2 STROMING OF CONVECTIE .................................................................................................................. 41
2.1.3 STRALING ........................................................................................................................................ 41
2.2 BASISWETTEN VAN DE WARMTEOVERDRACHT..................................................................................... 42
2.2.1 WARTMEOVERDRACHT DOOR GELEIDING .............................................................................................. 42
Warmtegeleiding doorheen een vlakke wand ........................................................................................ 43
Warmtegeleiding doorheen een cilindrische buiswand .......................................................................... 44
Warmtegeleiding doorheen verschillende lichamen in serie .................................................................. 45
2.2.2 WARMTEOVERDRACHT DOOR STROMING .............................................................................................. 46
Reynolds-getal ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Peclet-getal ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Prandt-getal ............................................................................................................................................ 47
2.2.3 WARMTEOVERDACHT DOOR STRALING ................................................................................................. 48
2.3 COMBINATIE VAN WARMTEOVERDRACHT DOOR GELEIDING EN STROMING ................................................ 49
2.3.1 WARMTEGELEIDING VAN EEN FLUÏDUM NAAR EEN ANDER FLUÏDUM DOORHEEN EEN VLAKKE WAND ................ 49
2.3.2 WARMTEOVERDRACHT VAN EEN FLUÏDUM NAAR EEN ANDER FLUÏDUM DOORHEEN EEN ENKELVOUDIGE
CILINDRISCHE WAND................................................................................................................................... 50
2.4 WARMTEWISSELAARS ................................................................................................................... 51

3. DESTILLATIE ............................................................................................................................... 52

3.1 DEFINITIE ................................................................................................................................... 52
3.2 EVENWICHTEN IN HET SYSTEEM DAMP-VLOEISTOF ............................................................................... 52
3.3 RELATIEVE VLUCHTIGHEID .............................................................................................................. 53
3.4 TOEPASSINGEN OP EVENWICHTEN IN DAMP-VLOEISTOF SYSTEMEN .......................................................... 54
Toepassing 1: .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Toepassing 2: .......................................................................................................................................... 55
3.5 ENKELVOUDIGE DESTILLATIE: FLASH-DESTILLATIE ................................................................................. 58
3.5.1 ALGEMENE INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................ 58
3.5.2 TOEPASSINGEN OP MATERIAALBALANSEN .............................................................................................. 59
3.5.3 GRAFISCHE METHODE ........................................................................................................................ 65
3.5.4 TOEPASSING .................................................................................................................................... 67
3.6 DIFFERENTIËLE DESTILLATIE............................................................................................................. 69
3.6.1 ALGEMENE INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................ 69
3.6.2 TOEPASSING OP DIFFERENTIËLE DESTILLATIE........................................................................................... 70
3.7 GEFRACTIONEERDE DESTILLATIE OF RECTIFICATIE ................................................................................. 75
3.7.1 PRINCIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 75
3.7.2 BEPALING VAN HET AANTAL THEORETISCHE PLATEN................................................................................. 76
3.7.3 ANALYTISCHE BEPALING VAN HET AANTAL THEORETISCHE PLATEN. ............................................................. 76
Analytische bepaling van het aantal platen boven de voeding .............................................................. 77
Analytische bepaling van het aantal platen onder de voeding ............................................................... 78
Toepassing analytische bepaling van het aantal platen ......................................................................... 80
3.7.4 GRAFISCHE BEPALING VAN HET AANTAL THEORETISCHE PLATEN ................................................................. 85
Grafische bepaling van het aantal platen boven de voeding .................................................................. 85
Grafische bepaling van het aantal platen onder de voeding .................................................................. 87
De q-lijn ................................................................................................................................................... 89


2

, 3.7.5 DE CONSTRUCTIE VAN HET MCCABE-THIELE DIAGRAM ............................................................................ 91
3.7.6 KOLOMMEN VOOR GEFRACTIONEERDE DESTILLATIE ................................................................................. 92
Kolommen met vulmateriaal .................................................................................................................. 92
Kolommen met zeefplaten ...................................................................................................................... 94
Kolomen met platen met borrelkappen .................................................................................................. 94
Kolomen met klepplaten ......................................................................................................................... 95
3.8 STOOMDESTILLATIE ...................................................................................................................... 96
3.8.1 PRINCIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 96
3.8.2 GRAFISCHE BEPALING ........................................................................................................................ 96
3.9 AZEOTROPE DESTILLATIE .............................................................................................................. 102
3.9.1 AZEOTROPEN ................................................................................................................................. 102
3.10 EXTRACTIEVE DESTILLATIE........................................................................................................... 105
3.10.1 ALGEMEEN PRINCIPE ..................................................................................................................... 105

4. VLOEISTOF-VLOEISTOF EXTRACTIE ........................................................................................... 106

4.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................. 106
4.2 DEFINITIES ................................................................................................................................ 106
4.3 KEUZE VAN HET OPLOSMIDDEL ...................................................................................................... 106
4.3.1 SELECTIVITEIT ................................................................................................................................. 106
4.3.2 OPLOSBAARHEID............................................................................................................................. 106
4.3.3 HERWINBAARHEID VAN HET OPLOSMIDDEL .......................................................................................... 107
4.3.4 DICHTHEID..................................................................................................................................... 107
4.3.5 CHEMISCHE REACTIVITEIT ................................................................................................................. 107
4.4 VERLOOP VAN EXTRACTIEPROCES ................................................................................................... 107
4.4.1 TERNAIRE SYSTEMEN – DRIEHOEKSDIAGRAM........................................................................................ 107
4.4.2 FASENEVENWICHTEN BIJ TERNAIRE SYSTEMEN ...................................................................................... 109
4.4.3 EXPERIMENTELE BEPALING VAN DE EVENWICHTSLIJNEN & OPLOSBAARHEIDSCURVE .................................... 111
Twee van de drie componenten kunnen chemisch geanalyseerd worden ............................................ 111
Één op de drie componenten kan chemisch geanalyseerd worden ...................................................... 112
Geen enkele component kan chemische bepaald worden .................................................................... 114
4.4.4 INTERPOLEREN VAN EVENWICHTSLIJNEN ............................................................................................. 115
4.4.5 DISTRIBUTIECURVE OF EVENWICHTSCURVE .......................................................................................... 115
4.4.6 EXTRACTIEBEREKENINGEN: TRAPSGEWIJS CONTACT (1-TRAPSEXTRACTIE). ................................................. 117
Toepassing 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 120
Toepassing 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 123
4.4.7 EXTRACTIEBEREKNINGEN: MEERTRAPSEXTRACTIE IN DWARSSTROOM........................................................ 128
Toepassing 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 129
Toepassing 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 132
4.4.8 EXTRACTIEBEREKENINGEN: MEERSTAPSEXTRACTIE IN TEGENSTROOM ....................................................... 135
Gebruik van het (x,y) diagram om het aantal trappen te berekenen ................................................... 137
Toepassing 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 138
Toepassing 2: ........................................................................................................................................ 140
4.5 APPARATUUR ............................................................................................................................ 143
4.5.1 TRAPSGEWIJS CONTACT ................................................................................................................... 143
Roerkuipen = mechanisch ..................................................................................................................... 144
Stromingsmengers ................................................................................................................................ 144
Ontmengers .......................................................................................................................................... 144
Meertrapsextractie ............................................................................................................................... 145
4.5.2 CONTINU CONTACT ......................................................................................................................... 146
Extractoren onder invloed van zwaartekracht ...................................................................................... 146
Centrifugaalextractoren........................................................................................................................ 149




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